American red pine

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American red pine
Pinus resinosa Itasca.jpg

American red pine ( Pinus resinosa )

Systematics
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Pinoideae
Genre : Pine ( Pinus )
Section : Pinus
Type : American red pine
Scientific name
Pinus resinosa
Aiton

The American red pine ( Pinus resinosa ) is a species of the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to northeast North America. The US state of Minnesota lists it as a state tree .

description

Branch with a ripe, still closed cone
Branch with a ripe cone

Appearance and bark

The American red pine grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 37 meters and diameters of up to 1.5 meters at chest height . The straight trunk ends in a narrow, rounded crown . The branches go straight or ascending from the trunk and their branches can reach a diameter of up to 1 centimeter. The light red-brown bark is divided by furrows and into irregular rectangular and scale plates. The orange-brown to red-brown bark of the branches becomes rougher with age and takes on a darker brown color.

Bud and needles

The red-brown, resinous buds are pointed-egg-shaped with a length of about 2 centimeters. The edges of the bud scales are fringed. The straight or slightly twisted, dark yellow-green needles are 1 to 2.5 centimeters long and stand together in clusters of two. There are narrow stomatal ligaments on both the top and bottom of the needle . The needle edges are finely sawn and the needle tip is tapered. The needles are brittle and will break if you bend them, leaving a clean break.

Cones and seeds

The dark purple colored male cones are elliptical in shape with a size of around 1.5 centimeters. The female, almost sessile cones are egg-shaped with a length of 3.5 to 6 centimeters. When they reach maturity in the second year, they are light reddish brown in color. After the cones have released the seeds, they are broadly ovoid to almost spherical in shape. The brown seeds are egg-shaped with a length of 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters and have wings up to 2 centimeters in size.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Distribution area

Occurrence and endangerment

The natural range of the American red pine is in north-eastern North America. In Canada, it stretches from Manitoba in the west through Ontario , Québec to Prince Edward Island , New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the east. In the United States, the range extends from Minnesota in the east along the Great Lakes to the east coast, where it extends from Maine in the north to New Jersey in the south. The southern inland distribution limit is Illinois and West Virginia .

The American red pine thrives on sandy soils at altitudes of 200 to 1300 meters . It grows mainly in boreal coniferous forests .

The American red pine is classified as "not endangered" in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary.

Systematics

It was first published as Pinus resinosa in 1789 by William Aiton in Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalog of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. London , Volume 3, page 367. One synonym for Pinus resinosa Aiton is Pinus rubra Michx.f. nom. illegal.

use

The American red pine used to be the most important tree species for logging in the region around the Great Lakes .

swell

  • Christopher J. Earle: Pinus resinosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed December 29, 2012 .
  • John W. Thieret: Pinaceae . Pinus . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , Pinus resinosa (English, Pinus resinosa - online - this work is online with the same text).

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h Christopher J. Earle: Pinus resinosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed December 29, 2012 .
  2. Pinus resinosa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed December 29, 2012 found.
  3. First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. Pinus resinosa. In: TROPICOS. www.tropicos.org, accessed December 29, 2012 .
  5. Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Pinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 17, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Pinus resinosa  - Collection of images, videos and audio files