Amiant granule umbrella
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Amiant granular umbrella ( Cystoderma amianthinum ) |
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| ( Scop. ) Fayod |
The Amiant granular umbrella ( Cystoderma amianthinum ) is a mushroom from the Squamanitaceae family . It is a small, umbrella-like mushroom with an ocher-yellow to brownish, fine-grained hat. The fruiting bodies usually appear between August and November, preferably in coniferous forests. The mushroom is considered inedible because of its dull, earthy smell.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the Amiant granular umbrella is 2–4 cm wide. At first it is conical, then arched and finally spread out flat and bluntly hunched. The surface of the hat is flaky or fine to rough grainy, with age often also radially wrinkled to wrinkled. In the Forma rugosoreticulata , the hat is also heavily wrinkled, but it can also completely bald when the weather is appropriate. The hat is colored pale yellow to ocher yellow or yellow-orange. The edge is sharp and, in young fruiting bodies, is often covered with remains of velum .
The lamellae are broad or have grown out of the handle and can run down them with a tooth. They are hardly crowded and are initially white and later cream-colored to light ocher-yellow. The spore powder is off-white.
The cylindrical stem is 4–6 cm long and 0.2–0.6 cm wide. It is slender, hollow and, like the hat, colored ocher yellow and has a rising, flaky and often indistinct ring. From the base to the ring it is orange-brown and coarsely flaky to granular, above the ring it is cream-colored and brownish with age.
The flesh is thin and pale yellow, in the stem bark more orange-yellow. It often smells unpleasantly earthy and tastes mild.
Microscopic features
The elliptical spores are 5–6.5 µm long and 3–3.5 (–4) µm wide and are not indented on the stalk ( apiculus ). They are amyloid , which means they can be stained with iodine solution. There are no cystides on the lamellae or lamellar edges, and no athrospores on the hat . The elements of the hat skin turn rust-brown in KOH . The cap skin hyphae are more or less puffed up or almost rounded and often hang together like a chain.
Species delimitation
There are a number of very similar granular umbrellas that can usually only be reliably determined with the help of a microscope.
- The long- spore or rust-yellow granular umbrella ( Cystoderma jasonis , syn. C. longisporum , C. amianthinum var. Longisporum), which for a long time was considered to be just one variety , is very similar . It is much rarer and has 6–9 µm long spores that are slightly indented at the apiculus and look like an apple seed. On the hat, which is more rusty reddish in color, one usually finds athrospores.
- The very rare skin-ringed or deceptive granular umbrella ( Cystoderma fallax ) has a skin-ringed stem. His hat skin turns green with KOH, while it turns rusty red with the Amiant granular umbrella.
- The rust-red granular umbrella ( Cystodermella granulosa , syn. Cystoderma granulosum ) and the vermilion or vermilion granular umbrella are usually significantly larger and both have inamyloid spores. Therefore, today they are placed in their own genus Cystodermella . The two differ from each other in that the rust-red granular umbrella has no pleurocystidia , while the vermilion granular umbrella has conspicuous cystidia in all parts of the fruiting body.
ecology
The granular umbrella lives saprobion table , that is, it breaks down dead, organic material. It is found mainly in coniferous forests, especially in spruce forests and deep-acid spruce-fir forests. But it also occurs in pine forests and bog forests. In deciduous forests it is mainly found in beech forest communities (in woodruff beech, hornbeam beech and hairy barley beech forests) and in hornbeam-oak forests. It can also be found outside of the forest on semi-arid lawns, juniper heaths or in parks.
In almost all cases the species grows in the coniferous spruce; it is only rarely found under pines or silver firs or under deciduous trees such as red beeches and birches. The fungus likes acidic soils, but can also be found in basic and neutral soils. It prefers nutrient- and nitrogen-poor soils, which can be sandy or loamy. In addition to brown soils, bog soils in particular are populated, but also rendzines and tendrils .
The fruiting bodies appear singly or gregariously and usually very late in the year. The fruit bodies are most common from late August to November. In some years it can still be found in December. The mushroom occurs from the lowlands to the higher mountains, whereby it prefers the mountains.
distribution
The fungus is found almost worldwide. It occurs from South America (southern Argentina) to Canada and Greenland. It is also common in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco), Asia (from Georgia to Japan and China) and Europe. In Europe you can find it from Greece to Iceland and from Spain to Ukraine and Belarus. In Germany and Austria it is widespread without any noticeable gaps and is one of the most common types of fungus.
Systematics
The following forms and varieties of the Amiant granule umbrella have been described.
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Cystoderma amianthinum var. Rugosoreticulatum | ( F. Lorinser ) Bon (1999) | Severely wrinkled clans are referred to as the form or variety rugosoreticulata . Water even regards this form as a separate species. Since such specimens often occur between smooth-headed specimens, this feature probably has no taxonomic meaning. |
| Cystoderma amianthinum f. album | ( Maire ) AHSm. & Singer (1945) | The shape album has a white hat and can easily be identified with Cystoderma carcharias f. album can be confused. It is a white-capped form of the strong-smelling granular umbrella |
| Cystoderma amianthinum f. olivaceum | Singer (1945) | This is a more olive-yellow to brownish form. |
meaning
The Amiant granular umbrella is usually described as inedible, with reference to the dull, earthy smell, but the mushroom does not appear to be poisonous, which is why some authors describe it as edible, albeit inferior.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Cystoderma amianthinum. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved December 5, 2011 .
- ^ A. Vizzini, G. Consiglio, M. Marchetti: Mythicomycetaceae Fam. Nov. (Agaricineae, Agaricales) for accommodating the Genera Mythicomyces and Stagnicola, and Simocybe parvispora Reconsidered . In: Fungal Systematics and Evolution . tape 3 , no. 1 , June 15, 2019, ISSN 2589-3823 , p. 225–240 , doi : 10.3114 / fuse.2019.03.05 ( ingentaconnect.com ).
- ↑ a b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 231.
- ↑ a b Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 100 .
- ↑ M. Kuo: Cystoderma amianthinum. In: mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved December 3, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 172 .
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhart: Mushrooms . In: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft (ed.): Spectrum of nature . BLV intensive guide. tape 1 : Lamellar fungi, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae . Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , pp. 178 .
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved December 5, 2011 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Cystoderma amianthinum - GBIF Portal. In: GBIF Portal / GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved December 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Varietas rugosoreticulatum. (F. Lorinser) Bon, Docums Mycol. 29 (no. 115): 34 (1999). In: indexfungorum.org. Index Fungorum Partnership, accessed December 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Forma album. (Maire) AH Sm. & Singer, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30: 112 (1945). In: indexfungorum.org. Index Fungorum Partnership, accessed December 5, 2011 .
- ^ Forma olivaceum. Singer, Pap. Me. Acad. Sci. 30: 111 (1945). In: indexfungorum.org. Index Fungorum Partnership, accessed December 5, 2011 .
Web links
- Cystoderma amianthinum. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on December 4, 2011 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Amiant-Körnchenschirmling).
- Frank Moser: Amiant grain umbrella in the nature lexicon . In: natur-lexikon.com . Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- Roger Phillips: Cystoderma amianthinum. In: RogersMushrooms website / rogersmushrooms.com. Retrieved December 3, 2011 .