Ampedus sanguinolentus
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Ampedus sanguinolentus |
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| ( Cabinet , 1789) |
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| Fig. 2: underside | |
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| Fig. 1: Beetle in a doll's cradle | Fig. 3: side view |
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| Fig. 4: End strips (green traced) |
Fig. 5: Right thigh covers tinted green |
Ampedus sanguinolentus , also known as the blood-red click beetle (not to be confused with Ampedus sanguineus , which also bears this German name), is a beetle from the family of the click beetles (Elateridae) and the subfamily of the Ampedinae. The wing-coverts of the black beetle are bright red, around the seam the species usually has an elongated blackish spot. The beetle is nine to twelve millimeters long.
The species is classified as not endangered in the Red Lists of Rhineland-Palatinate , in Schleswig-Holstein it is on the warning list as a potentially endangered species.
Notes on the name
The species was described by cabinet in 1789 under the scientific name Elater sanguinolentus and the German name "Bloody fringed Springkäfer". In the detailed description, Cabinet remarks: ... The wing covers are blood red .... In the middle of these wing covers is an ey-shaped, large, black spot . He also differentiates the species from the species sanguineus, which was described as early as 1758 : this species can by no means be seen as a variant of the "bloody jumper beetle". The difference is too big if you hold them against each other .... This explains the species name sanguinoléntus ( Latin for blood-red) in contrast to sanguīnĕus (also Latin for blood-red).
The generic name Ampēdus ( old Greek αμπηδάω αναπηδάω ampēdáō, anapēdáō, I jump up) means that the beetles can jump up from the supine position. Dejean is considered to be the author in 1833, when the name appears in an auction catalog. There it is noted that the name is taken from Megerle . However, the names in Megerle's auction catalogs are not recognized.
The genus Ampedus is represented in Europe with almost sixty species, all of which are included in the same subgenus Ampedus . Worldwide, a distinction is made between three sub-genera, which comprise over a hundred species.
Characteristics of the beetle
The pronotum sides of the beetle are finely edged throughout. However, as in many species of the family, the edge pulls down in front, so that it is no longer visible from above near the head. On the underside of the body, the pronotum is fused with the front chest, only near the head is the fused seam (Prosternal seam) a little deepened to accommodate the antennae. The front chest is rounded at the front (Prosternal lobe), drawn out in a long point at the back, which can snap into a corresponding groove in the mid-chest. This quick mechanism, which is typical of the family, enables the beetle to jump into the air from the supine position. The legs are weak, the tarsi all five-limbed. In contrast to the subfamily Physorrhininae, which otherwise has similar characteristics to the Ampedinae, the third tarsal segment is not extended into a sole flap.
The rear hip, which connects to the rear of the rear chest, is hollowed out to partially accommodate the rear thighs. The part that is on the same level as the rear chest is called the thigh ceiling . Their shape is an important determinant. In the Ampedus genus , the thigh covers are wide on the inside and form a corner before the abrupt narrowing to the outside. On the inner edge they have a blunt tooth pointing backwards (Fig. 5). About the inwardness of the eleven-membered probe before the eyes of the springs trim strip . This edge-shaped protrusion runs inwards and unites with the front strip on the other side to form an arched projection of the head (Fig. 4). Below that, the head drops vertically to the upper lip. The mouthparts point downwards.
Ampedus sanguinolentus is distinguished by a number of properties among the black-colored click beetles with red elytra . Most striking is the black elongated spot on the wing cover seam . It usually extends to the second or third stripe of the wing cover, but it can also be significantly wider, narrower or even absent. The puncture on the top of the pronotum is fine and not very dense at the front, the spaces between the points become even larger towards the back. Next to the side edge, the pronotum is studded with flat, large bifurcated points, which are separated from one another by narrow, shiny spaces, only in front of the rear corners are the points close together. The base of the pronotum is flat everywhere; the third antennae is not enlarged (sawn) like the fourth, but rather elongated and, like the second antennae, more shiny than the following. The elytra are black in the central area, hairy yellow on the side edge, the pronotum, on the other hand, has rough yellow-brown, rarely black hair.
Construction of the larva
The larva ( wireworm ) is round, has three pairs of legs and a well-chitinized exoskeleton . It is yellow-orange, the last segment is conically pointed.
Way of life
The eggs are laid one by one in the bark of old trees that have gone into rot. The larvae develop between the bark and wood, or in the outer layers of dead and decomposing white rot wood of deciduous trees, preferably in that of oaks. They are predatory and have a development time of two to three years. The number of moults varies between nine and fifteen. Pupation takes place in summer in a pupa cradle that is placed near the surface. The imago hatches at the end of summer, but hibernates in the pupa cradle. She only leaves it in the following spring.
Occurrence
The beetles occur in Siberia , northern , central and southeastern Europe to France . The species occurs in forests of the plains and low mountain ranges up to higher altitudes, but not alpine. It inhabits deciduous forests and parks, also forest edges. In the southern distribution area it is also native to floodplains, in the floodplains of the lowlands of France it is common. You can find them mainly in June on flowering bushes, umbellifers and felled, shady wood as well as on tree trunks, under rotten bark and on cordwood.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
- Gründ Svatopluk Bílý: Coléoptères, adaptation française Verlag Gründ 1990; ISBN 2-7000-1824-9
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 62
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ a b F. von Paula cabinet: Contributions to natural history. With seven tables drawn by the author himself and engraved in copper, Augsburg 1776 p. 69 and plate 3, fig. 15
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Catalog des coléoptères de la collection de M. Le compte Dejean Paris 1833, page 92
- ↑ IMKerzhner: JC Megerle's 1801-1805 Auction Catalogs of Insects porposed Suppression ... Bulletin of soological nomenclature Vol. 48 (3) September 1991 p. 206 www.biodiversitylibrary.org
- ↑ Ampedus Ampedus (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 21, 2013
- ↑ Subgenera of the genus Ampedus at BioLib
