Anastasia Ivanovna Tsvetaeva

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Anastasia Ivanovna Tsvetaeva ( Russian Анастасия Ивановна Цветаева ; born September 15 . Jul / 27. September  1894 greg. In Moscow , † 5. September 1993 ibid) was a Russian writer .

Life

Anastasija Zwetajewa was the daughter of the classical philologist and founder of the Pushkin Museum Ivan Vladimirovich Zwetajew and his second wife, the pianist Marija Aleksandrovna née. Meyn . Her older sister was the poet Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva .

The sisters Marina and Anastasija spent a large part of their childhood and youth in Tarussa near Kaluga . After attending a private girls 'high school in Moscow, they continued their education in private girls' boarding schools in Switzerland and Germany from 1902 to 1905 , and then lived in Yalta in the Crimea . After their mother's death in 1906, they returned to Moscow.

In 1912 Anastasija Zwetajewa married the nineteen-year-old Boris Truchachev shortly after Easter in the Alexander Nevsky Church at the home of the war invalids of the Russo-Turkish War 1877–1878 on the outskirts of Moscow. Shortly afterwards she gave birth to her son Andrej (1912–1993). In 1914, the couple divorced, and Tsvetaeva married civil in the fall of 1915, the chemical - engineering Mavriki Alexandrovich Minz (1886-1917), for which it after Alexandrov moved. Family life did not prevent her from studying literature . 1915 her first book, which was published on Friedrich Nietzsche supportive philosophical text Royal thinking .

After the October Revolution , the Tsvetaeva sisters went to Koktebel in the Crimea at the invitation of Maximilian Alexandrovich Voloshin , where they lived as his guests. In July 1917, Anastasija's one-year-old son Aljoscha died of dysentery after her husband had died of peritonitis in May .

After returning to Moscow in the early 1920s, Anastasija Tsvetaeva continued to write and lived from casual work. In 1921 she was accepted into the Union of Writers of the USSR on the recommendation of Mikhail Ossipowitsch Gerschenson and Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdjajews . Boris Leonidowitsch Pasternak respected her very much. In 1927 she finished the book The Hungry Epic , but was just as unable to publish it as her novel SOS or the zodiac sign Scorpio . That year she managed to go to Europe. In Sorrento she visited Maxim Gorky , and in France (for the last time in her life) she met her sister Marina.

In April 1933 Anastasija Tsvetaeva was arrested because of her acquaintance with the previously arrested Freemason and Rosicrucian B. Subakin. After efforts by Pasternak, Yekaterina Pavlovna Peschkova and Gorky, she was released after 64 days. On September 2, 1937, she was arrested again in Tarussa and charged with participating in the allegedly existing Rosicrucian order of B. Subakin. At the same time, her son Andrei Truchachev, who was visiting with his bride, was picked up and all of her works were confiscated. NKVD employees destroyed their fairy tale and short story manuscripts. On January 10, 1939, an NKVD troika sentenced her to 10 years in a camp for counterrevolutionary propaganda and agitation and participation in a counterrevolutionary organization and was sent to the Baikal-Armur labor camp on the Baikal-Amur highway . In the camp she was a cleaning lady, distillation boiler worker, masonry worker , administrative worker in the construction office and graphic artist . To order, she drew around 900 portraits of women prisoners and wrote poetry. Her son Andrei Truchachev was sentenced to 10 years for counterrevolutionary agitation, which he carried out as an efficient architect first in Karelia and then in the camp near Kargopol , so that his term was reduced twice.

After her release in 1947, Anastasija Tsvetaeva settled in a village in Vologda Oblast , where her son Andrei Truchachev lived and worked with his family. In 1949 she was arrested again and exiled to Novosibirsk Oblast . The exile was lifted in 1954, but it was only in 1956 that she returned to Salawat in Bashkiria to her son, who had been arrested in 1951 and sentenced to 30 months in a camp for abuse of power in carrying out the plans for a furniture factory in the Urals . In 1957 she went to Pavlodar in Kazakhstan , where her son was looking for work in the places for which his mother had registration certificates.

1959 Anastasia Tsvetaeva was rehabilitated. In 1960 she went to Yelabuga in Tatarstan to visit the grave of her sister Marina. After a long and difficult search, she found a memorial cross of the Tatar Writers Union on Marina's alleged burial site. In 1961 she went to Moscow to try to restore her confiscated works based on the memory. Until 1972 she regularly drove to Pavlodar to visit her son Andrei Truchachev. There she had started to write her memoirs , which had met with great interest. Her grandson Gennadij Selenin lives in Pavlodar.

Since 1979 she lived in Moscow in a one-room apartment with a plaque on the house. There she wrote the memory books Alter und Jugend (published in 1988), Inexhaustible and the last editions of the memories. Some of her personal belongings and photographs are in the Tsvetaev Family Museum in Tarussa. During the years of perestroika , she fought for the restoration of her sister Marina's house and the establishment of a museum, which opened in 1992.

Anastasija Tsvetaeva was buried next to her father and son in Moscow's Vagankovo ​​Cemetery . In 2013, the world's first Anastasija Tsvetaeva Museum was opened in Pavlodar .

swell

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Tsvetaeva, Anastasia Ivanovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Цветаева, Анастаси́я Ивановна (Russian); Cvetaeva, Anastasija Ivanovna; Tsvetayeva, Anastasiia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 27, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH 5th September 1993
Place of death Moscow