Andreas Emmerich
Andreas Emmerich (* 1737 in Kilianstädten ; † July 19, 1809 near Kassel ) was a German forester and hunter - officer in the service of various countries. He became famous for a book on partisan struggle , which was one of the first of its kind, and an armed uprising against Napoleon named after him .
Life
Andreas Emmerich received training and later employment in the hunting and forest services of the Isenburg family . Almost twenty years old, however, he left them in 1756 to go to England with the corps of Count Christian Ludwig von Ysenburg. The Landgrave of Hesse had made this 8,000-strong corps available to the English king in order to ward off a feared French landing on the English coast. Since the feared landing did not take place, the troops returned without being deployed.
Back in Germany, Emmerich joined the Prussian army and served in various free battalions in the Little War against the French during the Seven Years' War . During this time he gained the favor of several high-ranking personalities, such as the Duke of Cumberland , the Hessian Lieutenant General Casimir von Isenburg-Birstein and the Hereditary Prince of Braunschweig Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand . Around 1760 he received his patent as a lieutenant . At the end of the war he had the opportunity to remain in the Prussian service, but decided to go back to England, where Lord Granby had offered him a post as representative of the general supervisor of the royal forests.
At the outbreak of the American Revolution , on the recommendation of one of his patrons, he received a patent as a lieutenant colonel and the permission of the English king to set up an association of light infantry under his command and name. The troops took under the name Emmerich's Chasseurs the American Revolutionary War in part. In doing so, she acquired a good reputation for herself through her constant high level of willingness and efficiency, and gained respect from the opposing independence fighters.
After the War of Independence, Emmerich first returned to England, then back to Germany. Although he now had a family, he was unsteady and traveled frequently. He devoted himself to writing smaller scripts. His treatise The Partheyganger in War or the Use of a Corps of Light Troops for an Army from 1789 is, alongside the treatise on the Little War (1785) by Johann von Ewald, the first work that deals theoretically with the means and possibilities of the Little War. Around 1794 he intended to publish a five-volume autobiography under the title Histoire Memorable de la vie du Lieutenant-Colonel-Anglois Andre Emmerich (memorable life story of the English Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Emmerich) . However, this was never completed, it never got past the first nine and a half octave pages . His restless life went on.
After the French occupation of Hesse-Kassel under Napoleon and the establishment of the Kingdom of Westphalia , he, now 73 years old, called for an uprising. 150 poorly equipped men, mostly former soldiers, hunters and farmers, took part. On June 24, 1809 they marched towards Marburg , where they were able to overpower the French guard at the Barefoot Gate, but were blown up shortly afterwards. Emmerich was captured on July 2, 1809 and brought to Kassel. The trial before the court martial was brief. The verdict was "death by shooting". The shooting of the participants in the so-called "Emmerich uprising" took place in the Great Forest, the old Kassel execution site at the gates of Kassel.
After the French occupation forces left and King Jérômes fled in 1813, the Kassel citizen Prévôt planted an oak tree over the graves in the forest as a memorial. A memorial stone still commemorates the uprising at that time. In Marburg there is a memorial plaque on Emmerich's former home (today Barfüßerstraße 12). In addition, a memorial stone for him and his colleagues was erected on the Marburg Schlossberg in 1910, which has been repeatedly and deliberately damaged in recent years.
Fonts
- The partisan in war or the use of a corps of light troops for an army , 1789 / English: The Partisan in War as pdf
- German translation of Der Partheygänger im Krieg or the benefit of a corps of light troops for an army , 1789 / German: Der Freischärler im Krieg as pdf
literature
- Karl Lynkers: History of the insurrections against the Westphalian government , Cassel (= Kassel) 1857.
- Karl Siebert: Hanauer biographies from three centuries. Hanauer Geschichtsverein , Hanau 1919 (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter NF 3/4 ), pp. 47–48.
- Friedrich W. Strieder: Basis for a Hessian scholar and writer story Vol. 3. Göttingen 1783.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Arndt: memorial stone damaged with cement. In: Upper Hessian Press . March 28, 2015, accessed May 23, 2020 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Emmerich, Andreas |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hessian officer and war theorist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1737 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kilianstädten , Germany |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 19, 1809 |
| Place of death | Kassel , Germany |