Place of execution
A place of execution , and the place of execution or place of execution called, used to be a place where a convicted person executed was. The terms used to stand for the place where the court was held.
The raised scaffold was used for a public execution . The popular name Rabenstein was common for a walled-up complex . The name supposedly refers to the presence of numerous ravens at the place of execution.
description
The place of execution was mostly located outside of built-up areas in a conspicuous place, for example at a crossroads or on a hill. The gallows was erected there, visible from afar . Other types of execution were also common.
The way to the place of execution was often an indirect part of the punishment; the convict was presented to the onlookers or dragged to the place of execution on a horse. After the execution, some of the people who were executed were left hanging on the gallows as a deterrent. Those executed were buried in unconsecrated earth, often in the immediate vicinity of the gallows.
In many places the place of execution has been preserved in field names, for example Galgenberg or Galgenacker or - in the Rumantschia in Switzerland - the Fuorcha .
Excavations on execution sites
More extensive excavation campaigns at German medieval execution sites have so far taken place in 2010 on the Galgenhügel near Alkersleben as the execution site of the 10th to 12th centuries and in 2014 and 2018 on the Galgenberg near Bad Belzig .
Well-known places of execution
- Execution site Bensheim , Hesse
- Execution sites in Frankfurt am Main
- Hanau Supreme Court
- Hohenems execution site
- the Rabenstein in Cologne
- the Rabensteinplatz in Leipzig
- Execution sites in Salzburg
- Steinheim High Court
- Execution sites in Stuttgart
- Execution sites in Tyrol
- Vienna execution sites
- Execution sites on Wienerberg
- Execution sites in Wuppertal
Horní Slavkov : brick place of execution "Galgenberg" (šibeniční vrch) with portal, city coat of arms and annual chronicle for 1598. Dated around 1500. Czech Republic.
The Rabenstein in Marburg
Gibet de Montfaucon outside the walls of Paris , around 1460
Place of execution in front of the walls of Nuremberg (image detail from Schedel's world chronicle 1493)
Rabenstein in Berlin , around 1510
Place of execution in Hameln on the Galgenberg
See also
literature
- Jost Auler (Ed.) Archeology of the place of execution. archaeotopos, Dormagen 2008, ISBN 978-3-938473-07-8 ( online ).
- Jost Auler (Ed.): Place of execution archeology. Volume 2, archaeotopos, Dormagen 2010, ISBN 978-3-938473-12-2 .
- Jost Auler (Ed.): Place of execution archeology. Volume 3, archaeotopos, Dormagen 2012, ISBN 978-3-938473-17-7 .
Web links
- Jost Auler: archeology of the place of execution. Digging in places of horror. In: Spiegel Online. August 24, 2005.
- Angelika Franz: Executioner's places in the backyard. In: Spiegel Online. October 22, 2008.
- Sword straightening site at Rabenstein in Marburg (Hesse)
Individual evidence
- ^ Duden online: Place of execution and place of execution
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^ Anne-Marie Dubler: Place of execution. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . October 28, 2010 .
Place of execution. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 14 : R - skewness - (VIII). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1893, Sp. 901 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ). Place of execution. In: Adelung: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect 1793 ( zeno.org ).
- ↑ Duden online only mentions the gallows under Rabenstein , but places of beheading were also named Rabenstein .
- ↑ Rabenstein. In: Adelung: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect. 1793 ( zeno.org , number 2: “sublime walled place where the wrongdoers are usually beheaded”).
- ↑ General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. 10th edition, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1853.
- ^ Excavations on the Galgenberg near Bad Belzig accessed August 26, 2020.
- ↑ Excavations on the Galgenhügel Alkersleben 2010 accessed August 26, 2020.
- ↑ Architectural monuments and monument zones of the Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic, Publishing House Region Karlovy Vary, 1st edition 2005, p. 23