Andreas Pevernage

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Andreas Pevernage (* 1542 or 1543 in Harelbeke near Courtrai (Flemish Kortrijk); † July 30, 1591 in Antwerp ) was a Franco-Flemish composer and conductor of the Renaissance .

Live and act

Andreas Pevernage received his first training at the maîtrise in his hometown or at the maîtrise in Courtrai. No information has come down to us about his youth or further training. The first available archival evidence states that he was appointed Kapellmeister at the Church of St. Salvator in Bruges on January 21, 1563 . He left this position in the same year; he was called in September for the same position at the Church of Notre-Dame in Courtrai and took it on October 17, 1563, where he remained until 1577. As early as 1564 he received an additional benefice to Saint Willibrordus in Hulst. Because of the current political and religious disputes in the Netherlands, the singing school in Courtrai was not well staffed; However, there was a group of the Brotherhood of St. Cecilia in this city , which decisively supported the life of worship. That is why the composer dedicated seven pieces to the annually changing boards of the brotherhood in the years 1570 to 1576, one work each from his Cantiones aliquot sacrae , published in Douai in 1578. That year Pevernage moved to the Church of St. Jacob in Bruges because Courtrai was temporarily under the rule of the Calvinists came. Between 1578 and 1585, however, Pevernage's work in Bruges was repeatedly impaired by the armed conflicts between the denominations; the Catholic service was not possible between 1581 and 1584 and the composer probably kept evading to Courtrai.

When Hendrik Munten, the singing master of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Antwerp, died in 1585, Pevernage was appointed as his successor. He was only able to take up this position when the city ​​besieged by Spanish troops under Alexander Farnese had surrendered on August 17, 1585; on October 29th he took his oath of office here. In addition to his work as a conductor, important public activities in Antwerp have been handed down for the following years. He restored the music library that had been destroyed by the Calvinist rebels, was active in the humanist circles around the publisher Christoph Plantin and gave weekly concerts in his house. His seven-part Cecilia hymn "O Virgo Generosa" was also performed in this context . At the end of July 1591, Andreas Pevernage died in Antwerp and was buried on August 2nd in Notre-Dame near the Annen Altarpiece.

meaning

The historian and author Franciscus Sweertius (1567–1628) calls Pevernage a “vir ad modestiam factus et totius candidus” (man of modesty and absolutely honest). The main importance of the composer arises from his work in the field of chansons , which with their individual prints with over 100 compositions brought about a heyday in the Spanish Netherlands , long after the topicality of the Parisian chansons had come to an end. As with Jean de Castro , Cornelis Verdonck and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck , his chansons are five to eight voices. The texts are based on poems by Clément Marot and Philippe Desportes . In the first book (1589) there are only sacred chansons and an obituary for Christoph Plantin (“Pleurez muses, attristez vos chansons”), while the third book contains more madrigal-like chansons with pictorial and dramatic text expression. Pevernage applied the innovations of the contemporary madrigal to the chansons. After his fourth book of chansons begins with an homage to the city of Antwerp (“Clio, chantons”), the composer received a separate cash gift.

Pevernage also acted as the editor of a collection of madrigals, Harmonia celeste (1583) with a learned Latin title, which contains seven pieces by himself; this collection was reprinted five times by 1628. Four more madrigals appeared in other Italian music collections published by the Antwerp publishers Phalèse and Bellère . Because of the lack of a literary background, madrigals were not popular either in Germany or in the Spanish Netherlands, so they were probably written more for an international audience. The six masses of Pevernage did not appear in print until ten years after his death, as did the Laudes vespertinae with 14 Marian antiphons , which were composed for an Antwerp prayer brotherhood. In the above-mentioned Cantiones aliquot sacrae , in addition to the pieces for the Courtraier Cäcilien Brotherhood, there are also motets with dedications for prominent contemporaries, such as the governor Margaret of Parma , the Archbishop of Cambrai, Louis de Berlaymont and the Duke of Aarschot , Philip von Croy . The support of such people certainly helped the composer to survive the turmoil of the time. The five "pictorial motets" Pevernages in the copper engravings by Jan Sadeler and Adriaen Collaert for Philipp Galle (around 1590) have become particularly well known .

Works

  • Spiritual works
    • “Cantiones aliquot sacrae” with six to eight voices, Douai 1578; extended reprint as “Cantiones sacrae” with six to eight voices, Frankfurt am Main 1602
    • 5 motets “Dignus es Domine” with four voices, Antwerp without year
    • “Gloria in excelsis Deo” with nine votes, Antwerp without year
    • “Laude pia Dominum” with five votes, Antwerp without year
    • “Nata et grata polo” with six voices, Antwerp without year
    • “Osculetur me” to five voices in engravings by Jan Sadeler and Adriaen Collaert, Frankfurt am Main / Mainz / without location information 1587 and following
    • 2 bicinias, in "Bicinia", Antwerp 1590
    • 6 masses with five to seven voices, Antwerp 1602
    • 10 motets, in “Laudes vespertinae” with four to six parts, Antwerp 1629, including 6 motets in “Laudes vespertinae” with four to six parts, Antwerp 1648
    • 3 more motets, Antwerp without year
  • Secular works
    • 6 compositions in “Harmonia celeste” for four to eight voices, Antwerp 1583, reprint 1589
    • 1 further composition in “Musica divina” for four to seven voices, Antwerp 1583
    • “Chansons […] livre premier” with five voices, Antwerp 1589
    • “Livre second des chansons” for five voices, Antwerp 1590
    • “Livre troisième des chansons” for five voices, Antwerp 1590
    • “Livre quatrième des chansons” with six to eight voices, Antwerp 1591
    • 2 further compositions in “Melodia olympica” for four to eight voices, Antwerp 1591
    • 3 further compositions in “Rossignol musical des chansons” for four to six voices, Antwerp 1597
    • “Chansons […] tant spirituelles que prophanes” with five voices, Antwerp 1606
    • “Chansons” with six to eight voices, Antwerp 1607

Literature (selection)

  • L. Willems: Andreas Pevernages cantiones sacrae van 1578. In: Tijdschrift voor Boek- en Bibliotheekswezen No. 9, 1911, pages 1-20
  • GR Hoekstra: The Chansons of André Pevernage (1542 / 43–1591) , dissertation at Columbus University, Ohio 1975
  • R. de Man: André Pevernage en Kortrijk (1543–1591). In: Handelingen van de Geschied- en Oudheidkundige Kring Kortrijk No. 44, 1977, pages 3–42
  • I. Bossuyt: Andreas Pevernage (1542 / 43–1591), componist uit Harelbeke. Leven en werk. In: Andreas Pevernage (1542 / 43–1591), Beeldmotetten, edited by I. Bossuyt / J. van Deun, Bruges 1985
  • B. Bouckaert and others: Andreas Pevernage (1542 / 43–1591) en het muziekleven in zijn tijd. In: Musica antiqua No. 10, 1993, pages 161-175
  • GR Hoekstra: The Reception and Cultivation of the Madrigal in Antwerp and the Low Countries, 1555-1620. In: Musica disciplina No. 48, 1994, pages 125-187

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ Michael Zywietz :  Pevernage, Andreas. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 13 (Paladilhe - Ribera). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2005, ISBN 3-7618-1133-0  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  2. ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 6: Nabakov - Rampal. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-451-18056-1 .
  3. ↑ Kristine Forney:  Pevernage, Andreas. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
personal data
SURNAME Pevernage, Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bevernage, Andries; Pevernage, André; Beveringen, Andries
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Franco-Flemish composer and bandmaster of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH 1542 or 1543
PLACE OF BIRTH Harelbeke at Courtrai
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1591
Place of death Antwerp