Andrespol

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Andrespol
Andrespol does not have a coat of arms
Andrespol (Poland)
Andrespol
Andrespol
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Łódź
Powiat : Łódzki wschodni
Gmina : Andrespol
Geographic location : 51 ° 43 '  N , 19 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 43 '28 "  N , 19 ° 38' 16"  E
Residents :
Postal code : 95-020
Telephone code : (+48) 42
License plate : ELW
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Łódź



Andrespol ( German Andreasfeld ) is a village in the powiat Łódzki wschodni of the Łódź Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with 14,130 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

history

On October 20, 1807 the landlady Magdalena v. Jordan-Tuchecka from Bedoń signed a settlement agreement with 29 settler families of Low German descent. The settlers had already come to the region at the time of Prussian rule (1793–1806) , probably around 1805, as some authors state this year as the founding time for Andrespol. The newly created place was initially named Andreaspol or in German Andreasfeld. It consisted of 29 hooves for the settlers, another hoof should be shared between the teacher, the Kruger and the Schulzen . The colonists were assured of six free years during which they would clear their land and build residential and farm buildings with their own resources.

In 1807 the region became part of the newly established Duchy of Warsaw and from 1815 it was part of the Congress of Poland .

In 1819 the villagers got caught in a dispute over manorial rule. The manorial rule of their village was claimed on the one hand by the Trembacki family, who owned the estate in Bedoń in the meantime, and on the other hand, the forest workers in Wiączyń also claimed it in the name of the king, in fact the Russian tsar . The forest workers forbade the villagers to continue the clearing work, which was obviously not yet completed, and had confiscated the clearing tools, while the Trembackis, on the other hand, demanded that the clearing must be completed as soon as possible. Finally, both parties demanded the taxes levied on the land and even had them seized. This put the farmers in a threatening position, as a large proportion of their migrating cattle, cows, young cattle and grains of bread and seeds had been seized from them. In their desperation, they finally turned to the Tsar directly to clarify the matter, who responded benevolently. The outcome of the conflict is not recorded, but it seems possible that the later division of the place is related to it.

In 1825 the number of settlers had grown to 67 - so the place had been enlarged again since its foundation - and there were 476 inhabitants.

In the late 1820s or early 1830s, Andrespol was divided. The eastern, smaller part kept the name Andrespol and from then on belonged to the Brzeziny district ; the western, larger part was called Andrzejów and belonged to the Łódź district .

In 1835 Andrespol belonged to the Bedoń manor, it consisted of 26 settler positions, all of which were occupied. The 26 settlers had 206 members, i. H. there were 232 residents in the place.

From 1841 at the latest, the German children from Andrespol attended the Protestant cantor's school in neighboring Andrzejów.

For 1851, the statistics only name 126 German residents in the village, which apparently means that a significant proportion of the settler sites had been sold by their owners to Polish families.

At the end of the 19th century the place belonged to the Gmina Gałkówek and 246 residents lived in 28 houses.

From 1916 Andrespol had its own German school, which existed at least until 1919.

Around 1923 Andrespol was one of the wealthiest villages in the Łódź area.

From 1939 to 1945 the place belonged to the district of Litzmannstadt in the Reichsgau Wartheland .

The Evangelical-Lutheran free church in the village was demolished after 1945.

Population development

  • 1825: 476 inhabitants
  • 1835: 232 inhabitants (26 settlers with 206 members)
  • 1851: 126 German residents (there is no information on the number of Polish residents)
  • End of the 19th century: 246 inhabitants
  • 1935: about 260 Germans

local community

The rural community (gmina wiejska) Andrespol includes the village itself and eight other villages with school administration offices.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c d Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555-1939. Vierkirchen 1971, p. 146.
  2. ^ Adolf Eichler: Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of the German settlement in Congress Poland. In: German scientific newspaper for Poland, issue 1 from 1923, p. 49f.
  3. ↑ In addition to the name of the village mayor Christoph Prause, Breyer gives the family names of four other settlers: Roth, Weber, Glas, Schmidt.
  4. ^ Adolf Eichler: Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of the German settlement in Congress Poland. In: German scientific newspaper for Poland, issue 1 from 1923, p. 49.
  5. ^ Oskar Kossmann: Map of the development of the rural German settlement in north-western Congress Poland (1800, 1825, 1835, 1935). , in: Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. , Marburg 1978.
  6. ^ Adolf Eichler: Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of the German settlement in Congress Poland. In: German scientific newspaper for Poland, issue 1 from 1923, p. 50.
  7. ^ Adolf Eichler: Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of the German settlement in Congress Poland. In: German scientific newspaper for Poland, issue 1 from 1923, p. 52ff.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Oskar Kossmann: Warsaw List of Colonies and Colonists from 1835 (supplemented by information from 1825, 1851, 1865). , in: Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. , Marburg 1978, p. 376.
  9. ↑ a b For 1825 the place is still undivided, but under the name Adrzejów. Under column VI. Local quality is there "p / r"; "r" means "government property" the abbreviation "P" is unfortunately missing in the explanation of symbols on page 367. If one compares the number of settler positions from 1825 (67) with those of both districts from 1835 (Andrespol 26, Andrzejów 48), one can see one concludes with a probability bordering on certainty that the place was not yet divided in 1825.
  10. ↑ a b c Adolf Eichler: Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of the German settlement in Congress Poland. In: German scientific newspaper for Poland, issue 1 from 1923, p. 54.
  11. ↑ Kneifel (The ev.-Augsb. Communities in Poland, p. 146) writes that the division took place "in the third decade of the 19th century", i.e. in the 1820s, according to Eichler (Andrespol. An excerpt from the history of German settlement in Congress Poland, p. 54) it is said to have been only in the 1930s. As can be seen from Note 2, the division apparently took place between 1825 and 1835.
  12. ^ Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555-1939. Vierkirchen 1971, p. 147.
  13. ↑ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Volume XV cz.1, page 26
  14. ↑ Albert Breyer: The German villages around Lodz. with map of German settlements in the area around Lodz. , in: German monthly books in Poland, magazine for the past and present of Germanness in Poland, volume 2 (12), issue 5/6, November / December 1935.
  15. ^ Otto Heike: 150 years of Swabian settlements in Poland. 1795 - 1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 38.
  16. ^ Map distribution of the Germans and their rural property in the Lodz area , in: Oskar Kossmann: Lodz. A historical-geographical analysis , Würzburg 1966.