Yellow anemone

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Yellow anemone
Yellow anemone (Anemone ranunculoides)

Yellow anemone ( Anemone ranunculoides )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Anemoneae
Genre : Anemone ( Anemone )
Type : Yellow anemone
Scientific name
Anemone ranunculoides
L.

The Yellow Anemone ( Anemone ranunculoides ) is a plant of the genus Anemone ( Anemone ) in the family of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). The specific epithet comes from the Latin word ranunculus = buttercup and refers to the buttercup-like flowers. The yellow anemone is mainly found in base-rich deciduous forests. It is generally less common than the closely related wood anemone , but then grows gregariously.

description

The perennial herbaceous plant forms an upright flower stem 10 to 30 centimeters high. Basal leaves are missing during the flowering period between March / April and May. However, on the stem sit in a whorl (whorl) three short or sessile, each three-part incised, serrated bracts. While the wood anemone develops only one flower (rarely two) per plant, the yellow anemone produces one to three (usually two) flowers per plant. The flower has five yellow tepals and numerous stamens.

The supply of attractants and fodder substances in a nutrient-rich appendage of the fruit, the elaiosome , attracts ants , which carry the seeds and thereby spread them. This form of distribution is called myrmecochory .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32 or 30.

Toxicity

The yellow anemone is poisonous in all parts. The main active ingredients are protoanemonin , which appears to be ineffective when dried, and other unknown toxins. Symptoms of poisoning are: nausea, diarrhea, tendency to bleed and kidney damage. The lethal dose is 30 plants.

Yellow anemone ( Anemone ranunculoides )

Occurrence

The distribution area covers larger parts of more continental Europe, the yellow anemone is absent on the British Isles and along the Atlantic coast. To the east it can be found as far as the Caspian and Black Seas, as well as in the Caucasus. Closely related species colonize Asia. It grows from the plain to middle mountain ranges (in Austria up to 1350 m above sea level). Within Germany there is a large distribution gap in the north-west German lowlands, while the more calcareous, early summer warmer young moraine landscape of north-east Germany and the corresponding low mountain range regions in the center and south are somewhat more steadily populated. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, north of Warth on the Haldenwanger Alpe near the Speicherhütte , it rises up to 1580 m above sea level.

The yellow anemone is a typical spring geophyte that forms the herbaceous layer in forests, while the trees do not yet have leaves in spring. In particular, freshly seeped to moist, nutrient-rich, alkaline-rich, lime-rich, deep, loamy garbage soils in mixed beech forests, oak-hornbeam forests, floodplain and ravine forests, regionally also in alder-ash forests and rarely in meadows are populated. It thrives in companies of the Alno-Ulmion, Carpinion, Fagion or Tilio-Acerion associations. The yellow anemone is considered to be ecologically more demanding in terms of location than the wood anemone , with which it can occur syntopically .

Common names

For the yellow anemone are or were, sometimes only regionally, the names Geelögschen ( Silesia ), Goldhähnchen ( Pomerania , Silesia), geele hazel flowers ( East Prussia ), yellow storks ( Mark Brandenburg ), geele forest henle , yellow forest violets (Silesia) and yellow forest violets (East Prussia) common.

Yellow anemone flower on a meadow in the Buhler Valley in Baden-Wuerttemberg

Others

The species is easy to multiply by dividing and is also planted in gardens near bushes or trees because of its easy care. If the yellow anemone and the wood anemone occur in the same habitat , in rare cases hybrids with a pale yellow flower color occur. The hybrid bears the botanical name Anemone × seemenii . Synonyms are Anemone × intermedia (bastard anemone ) or Anemone × lipsiensis Beck (Leipzig anemone ). Under the latter name, which goes back to several occurrences near Leipzig, the plant is also available in gardening shops.

literature

  • Karl Heinz Rechinger, Jürgen Damboldt (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume III. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 1 (Nymphaeaceen, Ceratophyllaceen, Magnoliaceae, Paeoniaceen, Ranunculaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-446-10432-1 (published in deliveries 1965–1974).
  • Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Occurrence, effect, therapy, allergic and phototoxic reactions. With a special section about poisonous animals. 6th, revised edition, special edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Page 402. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 525.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 30, online.

Web links

Commons : Yellow Anemone  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files