Chinese angelica

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Chinese angelica
Illustration of the Chinese angelica （当归） (Angelica sinensis) in an illustrated compendium of the Materia Medica. Republic of China 1911

Illustration of the Chinese angelica （当归） ( Angelica sinensis ) in an illustrated compendium of the Materia Medica. Republic of China 1911

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Angelica ( Angelica )
Type : Chinese angelica
Scientific name
Angelica sinensis
( Oliv. ) Diels

The Chinese angelica ( Angelica sinensis当归) is a plant from the genus Angelica ( Angelica ) within the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). This medicinal plant comes from China .

description

Appearance, root and leaf

The Chinese angelica grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 0.4 to 1 meters. The main cylindrical root branches into many succulent side roots and all roots are highly aromatic. The purple-green, striped stem is branched in the upper area.

The alternate on the stem arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The leaf stalks of the basal leaves and the lower stem leaves are 5 to 20 centimeters long.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in China extends from June to July. Many flowers stand together in the terminal, double-lined inflorescence .

The fruits ripen in China between July and September. The Doppelachäne divides into two partial fruits , which are ellipsoidal or almost circular with a length of 4 to 6 millimeters and a diameter of 3 to 4 millimeters.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

The two varieties thrive in the wild or cultivated in forests and bushes at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan , Gansu , Hubei , Shanxi and Yunnan .

Chinese angelica in traditional Chinese medicine

The roots of Chinese angelica (当归) were already prominently treated in the oldest Chinese herbal book, the Shennong ben cao jing . The main effect was stated to be the structure and harmonization of the blood. This should especially have a positive effect on female fertility.

The currently valid Chinese pharmacopoeias recommend the drug for the following diseases: withered-yellow complexion with emptiness , dizziness and palpitations, menstrual cramps , absence of menstruation , emptiness-cold-stomach pain, bowel-dryness-constipation, wind-damp rheumatism , accidental injuries , Ulcers.

Jean-Baptiste Du Halde

The Chinese angelica was made famous in Europe in the 18th century by the Jesuit missionary and sinologist Jean-Baptiste Du Halde .

Eumenol

From 1899 to 1962 , the Darmstadt company E. Merck sold drug extracts from the roots of Chinese angelica under the name “Eumenol” as a “non-toxic emmenagogue ”. : Indications of "Eumenol" were given to rare menstrual bleeding , too weak menstrual bleeding , absence of menstrual bleeding and menstrual cramps . From 1899 to 1910 four clinical case studies were published in which the effects of administration of 5 ml three times daily of a fluid extract of the root of Angelica sinensis ("Eumenol") were reported on menstrual disorders. After 1960, hormones were used to treat the diseases for which "Eumenol" was prescribed from 1899 to 1962.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial , dang-gui extracts showed no better results than placebo in treating hot flashes during menopause .

On the other hand, the estrogen and serotonin activities of preparations from Dang gui are controversial. Dang gui contains a compound called butylidenephthalide , which has an antispasmodic effect in vitro and which could relieve the spasms of the uterine muscles. This assumption has yet to be verified through clinical trials.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Pan Zehui, Mark F. Watson: Angelica. : Angelica sinensis , p. 168 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 14 - Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005. ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .
  2. ↑ Angelica sinensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Quoted from Bencao Gangmu , Book 14 (annotated reprint, PR China 1975, Volume II, p. 833).
  4. ↑ George Arthur Stuart: Chinese Materia Medica. Vegetable Kindom. Shanghai 1911, p. 133: Cryptotaenia canadiensis (digitized version )
  5. ↑ Quoted and translated from: Pharmakopoe der PR China 1985. Volume I, p. 105.
  6. ↑ You dump. Description geographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise. Henri Scheurleer, Vol. 3, The Hague 1736, p. 612: Du tang coue (digitized version )
  7. ↑ You dump. Detailed description of the Chinese Empire and the great tartarey. Johann Christian Koppe, Volume 3, Rostock 1749, p. 522: From the root Tang coue (digitized version )
  8. ↑ 1899–1959 as eumenol liquid (fluid extract), 1914–1962 as eumenol tablets.
  9. ↑ A. Mueller: Experiments on the mode of action of the extract of the Chinese emmenagogue Tang-kui (Man-mu) or Eumenol-Merck. In: Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift , Volume 46, 1899, pp. 796-798.
  10. ^ H. Lange: Observations in the use of some new drugs. Eumenol, dionine and stypticine. In: Therapeutische Monatshefte , Volume 7, 1901, p. 363.
  11. ↑ R. Palm: Experiences with Eumenol. In: Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Volume 1, 1910, pp. 23-25.
  12. ^ P. Buck: Un nouveau remède spécifique contre la dysmenorrhée: l'eumenol. In: Belgique médicale , 2, 1899, pp. 363–365.
  13. ↑ Erika Hickel : The medicines in history. Bautz, Nordhausen 2008, p. 527.
  14. ↑ Janie D Hirata: Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. . In: Fertil Steril . 68, No. 6, December 1997, pp. 981-6. doi : 10.1016 / s0015-0282 (97) 00397-x . PMID 9418683 .
  15. ↑ Atieh Hajirahimkhan: Botanical modulation of Menopausal Symptoms: Mechanisms of Action? . In: Planta Med . 79, No. 7, May 2013, pp. 538-53. doi : 10.1055 / s-0032-1328187 . PMID 23408273 .
  16. ^ Ko WC: A newly isolated antispasmodic - butylidenephthalide . In: Jpn J Pharmacol . 30, No. 1, February 1980, pp. 85-91. PMID 7401411 .

Web links

Commons : Chinese angelica ( Angelica sinensis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal. A World Health Organization resource. Digitized
  • University of Maryland. Medical center. Digitized
  • US National Library of Medicine. Medline Plus. Digitized