Anna Nikolajewna Engelhardt

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Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt , born Anna Nikolaevna Makarova , ( Russian Анна Николаевна Энгельгардт , maiden name Макарова ; born June 2 . Jul / 14. June  1838 greg. In Alexandrowka , Kostroma , † June 12 jul. / 25. June  1903 greg. in St. Petersburg ) was a Russian publicist , translator, and women's rights activist .

Life

Anna was the daughter of the noble landowner, lexicographer and guitarist Nikolai Petrovich Makarov and his wife Alexandra Petrovna nee. Boltina, who died in 1844. In 1845 Anna was sent to the Moscow Elizabeth Institute for daughters from the aristocracy, the military, merchants and clergy, where she learned English , French , German and Italian . After leaving the institute with honors in 1853, she studied in her father's library and read in particular works by Nikolai Chernyshevsky , Charles Darwin , Nikolai Dobroljubow and Alexander Herzen .

In 1859 Anna married the aristocratic agronomist Alexander Nikolajewitsch Engelhardt in St. Petersburg , with whom she had three children: Michail (* 1861), Wera (* 1863) and Nikolai (* 1867). In 1860 Anna began compiling translations for children's magazines. From 1862 she worked in a bookstore , which was considered scandalous. In 1863 she founded Nadezhda Stassowa and Marija Trubnikowa, the first women's publishing cooperative . The goal was to make women financially independent. Anna has translated more than 70 works by Gustave Flaubert , Guy de Maupassant , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Robert Louis Stevenson , Émile Zola and others, as well as scientific works, for example by François Rabelais . She worked for the Vestnik Jewropy and was more than 25 years, the main editor of Vestnik inostrannoi literatury (messenger of foreign literature) .

In 1870 Anna and her husband were arrested for participating in an association of socialist students at the St. Petersburg Agricultural Institute . After six weeks she was released for lack of evidence, while her husband was exiled to his property in Batishchevo near Safonowo after 18 months in prison . Anna stayed in St. Petersburg with her children and worked on a series of educational publications and a German-Russian dictionary (1877). She was also involved in founding the Higher Bestushev Courses for Women . In the 1880s and 1890s Anna became increasingly involved in the women's movement . In addition to the demand for opportunities for education for women, her work aimed at labor and marriage law. She wrote articles about successful women, including Nadezhda Chwoschtschinskaya and Nadezhda Sochanskaya . In the Society for Mutual Aid for Women, founded in 1895, she was vice chairman for many years. In 1897 she founded the Women's Institute for Medicine with others . In 1900 she gave a lecture in St. Petersburg on the status of women from antiquity to the present day. She prepared the Society for Mutual Aid to Women magazine, but died before the first issue appeared.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Francisca DeHaan, Anna Loutfi, Krassimira Daskalova: ENGELGARDT, Anna (1838–1903) (accessed June 4, 2017).
  2. ↑ a b c Internet Archive: Анна Николаевна Энгельгардт (accessed June 4, 2017).
  3. ↑ a b c d Brockhaus-Efron : Энгельгардт, Анна Николаевна.
  4. ↑ a b А.В.Тихонова: Энгельгардт Анна Николаевна (accessed June 4, 2017).
  5. ↑ Мазовецкая, Эстер: Анна Энгельгардт Санкт-Петербург II половины XIX века . Академический проект, St. Petersburg 2001, ISBN 5-7331-0128-8 .
personal data
SURNAME Engelhardt, Anna Nikolajewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Makarowa, Anna Nikolajewna (maiden name); Макарова, Анна Николаевна Энгельгардт (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian publicist, translator and women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH June 14, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Alexandrowka , Kostroma Governorate
DATE OF DEATH June 25, 1903
Place of death St. Petersburg