Annemarie Ladewig

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Annemarie Ladewig (born June 5, 1919 in Neidenburg ; † April 21 or 22, 1945 in Neuengamme concentration camp ) was a German graphic artist and resistance fighter against National Socialism . After her arrest on March 22, 1945 and admission to the Gestapo prison in Fuhlsbüttel , she was murdered during the final phase crimes in the Neuengamme concentration camp on the night of April 21st to 22nd.

Life

Annemarie Ladewig was the daughter of the architect Rudolf Ladewig and his wife Hildegard, née Bucka, who was of Jewish origin but of Protestant faith. She grew up with her brother Rudolf Karl (1922–1945) in Waldenburg , Silesia , where her father had become a city architect in 1919. Both children were baptized and raised as a Protestant when they were one year old. Annemarie Ladewig showed a talent for drawing even in her youth. After her father became the first architect in the town of Reichenbach in the Vogtland in 1925 , she attended school there until she graduated from secondary school. In 1935, her father became Fritz Höger's employee , and in September the family moved into a house in Hamburg's Thielengasse, which Rudolf Ladewig had helped build.

Despite her artistic talent, Annemarie Ladewig, who was considered a “ first-degree Jewish half-breed ” according to the racist Nuremberg laws , was not admitted to study at the Hanseatic University of Fine Arts in 1936 due to the law against overcrowding in German schools and universities . Instead, she trained as a painter and graphic artist at Gerda Koppel's art school . Her teachers were Erich Hartmann , Eduard Bargheer and Hinrich Groth . After Gerda Koppel emigrated to Denmark, Annemarie Ladewig continued her training until December 1, 1940 at the school in commercial graphics and painting, now run by Gabriele Schmilinsky .

Annemarie Ladewig then worked in the advertising department at Reemtsma . Her boss Hans Domizlaff protected her by not giving her papers away. In 1941 she became engaged to the Blankenese doctor Hermann Sartorius. After trying unsuccessfully to set up her own business as an advertising artist , she later worked as an advertising artist at Montblanc Simplo . In 1943 the family moved to a house on Blumenstrasse.

At the instigation of her brother and her fiancé, her mother was admitted to the Eppendorf Psychiatry , which was headed by Hans Bürger-Prinz , in 1944 because of mental confusion and died there on November 30, 1944 under unexplained circumstances. Her father Rudolf Ladewig, who belonged to the resistance group Kampf dem Faschismus (KdF) , moved in after her death to his friend Elisabeth Rosenkranz, who was also active in the resistance and later, like himself and his entire family, became a victim of the end- phase crimes .

Stumbling blocks for Annemarie, Hildegard and Rudolf Karl Ladewig on Blumenstrasse

The siblings Annemarie and Rudolf Karl Ladewig, who continued to live on Blumenstrasse, were given a couple to billet, possibly for surveillance. From January 1945 they had to do forced labor in the Howaldtswerft .

In 1945 the siblings were denounced for “ listening to enemy broadcasts ”. After her father and his girlfriend were arrested on March 22, 1945 at the instigation of the spy Alfons Pannek , the Gestapo searched the siblings' apartment on the same day. Although they could not be proven to have been active in the opposition, Annemarie Ladewig and her brother were taken into " protective custody " on March 22, 1945 and taken to the Gestapo prison in Fuhlsbüttel . Their names, as well as those of their father and his partner, were on a liquidation list in which 71 members of the Hamburg resistance were named.

When the Allied forces approached Hamburg, the 13 women imprisoned in Fuhlsbüttel were taken to Neuengamme concentration camp on April 20, 1945, together with the men named on the liquidation list, including their father and brother, according to a previously worked out "evacuation plan" . Initially, the women had hoped that they would be released because there had been no charges and no trial. Annemarie Ladewig wrote a detailed letter to her fiancé on the same day, in which she reported that her father had been betrayed by an informant. "... If I only knew where tomorrow is going. ... I tell you, goodbye, and kiss you dearly - always your Annemarie. I'm fine!!"

On the orders of the Higher SS and Police Leader Bassewitz-Behr , the women were hanged one after the other in the arrest bunker on the night of April 21st to 22nd from a beam that served as a gallows. When her fiancé picked up her personal effects after her death, he heard from SS members that she had been a “traitor”.

To what extent Annemarie Ladewig was actively involved in the Hamburg resistance group Fight against Fascism (KdF) cannot be conclusively determined. What is known is that, like her brother, she was very secretive about current political events, but often went to a bookstore in Dammtorpassage. It could have been the treasure trove for book lovers at Dammtor , which was headed by Bertold Neidhard, a member of the KdF resistance group .

In 1987 Herbert Diercks wrote in the memorial book Kola-Fu : “The Gestapo could not prove anything to either of Rudolf Ladewig's children. Yet she pursued them with downright deadly hatred. "

plant

In addition to some oil paintings, Ladewig's artistic estate consists mainly of watercolors and drawings, in which she often captured impressions from Hamburg and the surrounding area. According to Maike Bruhns , her works are of "bold (r) color and formal (r) reduction of the images" and show the influences of the Secession style , Gretchen Wohlwill and the painting of her teachers Eduard Bargheer and Erich Hartmann. According to Maike Bruhns, an ink drawing from 1944/45 and a watercolor in which she depicts herself and a friend in front of an advertising pillar, while they are "spied on" by a married couple in the background, are an expression of her inner fears.

Annemarie Ladewig's written estate is kept in the document house of the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial .

Posthumous honors

Street in Neuallermöhe named after Annemarie Ladewig

literature

  • Maike Bruchmann, in: Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces. State Center for Civic Education Hamburg , 2008, ISBN 978-3-929728-16-3 , pp. 133-138
  • Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 2. Artist Lexicon Hamburg 1933–1945: ostracized, persecuted - lost, forgotten . Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-933374-95-2 , pp. 255-257
  • Herbert Dierks: Memorial Book Kola-Fu. For the victims from the concentration camp, Gestapo prison and Fuhlsbüttel subcamp . Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial, Hamburg 1987, pp. 52–53 with a photo and illustration of a linocut from family ownership
  • Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich: Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 348

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Maike Bruhns: Art in the Crisis . Volume 2, p. 256
  2. ^ A b c d Maike Bruhns: Art in the Crisis . Volume 2, p. 255
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Maike Bruchmann: Short biography at stolpersteine-hamburg.de
  4. ↑ Maike Bruhns: Art in the Crisis . Volume 2, p. 243
  5. ↑ Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces , 2008, p. 135
  6. ↑ Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces , 2008, p. 138
  7. ^ Annemarie Ladewig art exhibition of the Association for Research into the History of the Jews in Blankenese 2007
  8. ^ Gertrud Meyer: Night over Hamburg. Reports and documents 1933-1945 , Röderberg-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p. 108
  9. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth , Gertrud Meyer : Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933–1945 , Frankfurt 1980, ISBN 3-87682-036-7 , page 460
  10. ↑ Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces , 2008, p. 137
  11. ↑ Herbert Dierks: Memorial Book Kola-Fu. For the victims from the concentration camp, Gestapo prison and subcamp Fuhlsbüttel , Hamburg 1987, p. 46
  12. ↑ Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces , 2008, p. 135
  13. ↑ Ulrike Sparr (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg-Winterhude. Biographical search for traces , 2008, p. 138
  14. ^ Quote from Herbert Dierks: Memorial book Kola-Fu. For the victims from the concentration camp, Gestapo prison and Fuhlsbüttel satellite camp , 1987, p. 53
  15. ↑ a b c Maike Bruhns: Art in the Crisis . Volume 2, p. 257
  16. ↑ Illustration at the art exhibition Annemarie Ladewig 2007
  17. ^ Annemarie Ladewig art exhibition
personal data
SURNAME Ladewig, Annemarie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German graphic artist, resistance fighter and victim of National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Neidenburg
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1945 or April 22, 1945
Place of death Neuengamme concentration camp