Annemarie Wolff-Richter
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Annemarie Wolff-Richter (born July 27, 1900 in Breslau ; † spring 1945 in Jasenovac concentration camp ) was a curative educator, individual psychologist and head of the Berlin individual psychological children's home.
Life
Annemarie Richter was born in Breslau as the daughter of a grocer and food dealer . There she graduated from the Kunitz-Malberg-Lyzeum and came to Berlin for further training in 1920. Since her financial situation did not allow her to study medicine, she first completed an apprenticeship as an X-ray assistant.
Her turn to pedagogy resulted from joining the circle around the neurologist and Alfred Adler student Fritz Künkel , who founded the “Berlin Society for Individual Psychology ” in 1924 and the “Individual Psychological Institute in Berlin” in 1927. She trained as an individual psychologist and curative teacher and set up an “individual psychological children's home for difficult-to-educate boys and girls”. The local individual psychological group and especially Fritz Künkel supported them in these efforts. As a 26-year-old she was able to open her first home on Schulzendorfer Straße in Hermsdorf . In 1927 they moved to Frohnau , where a plaque commemorates them today. Both healthy and mentally ill children were accepted because, as she says, this significantly promotes work on children who are in need of special educational influence. The healthy children came from intellectual, mostly Jewish, circles.
In 1927 she married Helmut Wolff, they divorced in 1935, they had a daughter.
Since the early 1930s, Annemarie Wolff-Richter was in contact with Manès Sperber and with individual psychologists such as Benno Stein, Vera Stein-Ehrlich and Georg Pollack, but also with psychotherapists and doctors such as Therese Benedek , Carl Müller-Braunschweig and Max Hodann .
Despite personal sympathy for a left-wing orientation, Annemarie Wolff-Richter kept in contact with both directions of individual psychology and also with bourgeois-liberal social work circles (such as Elly Heuss-Knapp ).
Political persecution
Annemarie Wolff-Richter was arrested for the first time in March 1933. Between 1933 and 1936 she led obscured the children's home, as they use a professional disqualification was packed in Wannsee , on the Otto-Erich-Straße 9, and most recently in Zehlendorf , On Hegewinkel 115 on. In 1936 she was arrested again by the Gestapo for “subversive activity by bringing up children in the Jewish-Marxist sense”. The children were assigned or mediated to her by "elements hostile to the state [sic!] With whom she was in constant contact".
In 1937 she escaped from prison and fled with her seven-year-old daughter and twelve other children entrusted to her to Croatia via Prague and Budapest. With her Jewish partner Erwin Süssmann the emigration goal would be originally a kibbutz in Palestine was where his brother Herbert Süssmann (d. 1968 in Israel) (d. In Israel 1949) and nephew Hans-Ulrich Süssmann had fled, but were short of Dubrovnik , the financial resources were running out, so she had to decide to stay in Yugoslavia. On the island of Korčula , where she was in close contact with the writer Dinah Nelken and her husband Heinrich Ohlenmacher and in Zagreb she tried to install a home again and also sought contact with the individual psychologists Benno Stein and Vera Stein-Ehrlich, who were known to her earlier. Contact with other emigrants also fell during this time.
With the occupation of Croatia by the German Wehrmacht in 1941, the risk of political persecution caught up with them again. Erwin Süssmann (farmer, born on January 24, 1898 in Bockau near Breslau) was shot on the street by Nazis in 1941. Annemarie Wolff-Richter joined circles of the resistance and the partisans and especially looked after the children of her friends who were murdered or who lived underground. The later competitive athlete and sculptor Boris Grünwald was one of the children she looked after in Zagreb. In the summer of 1944, Annemarie Wolff-Richter was tracked down by the Gestapo and taken to the Jasenovac concentration camp. She was murdered there in early 1945.
Commemoration
On June 2, 1999, in Bornstedter Feld in Potsdam, a district opposite the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences was named "Annemarie-Wolff-Platz".
On August 8, 2014, in front of her former place of residence, Berlin-Frohnau , Oranienburger Chaussee 53, a | Stumbling block laid.
The DGIP has had an Annemarie Wolff Fund since 2004 to promote individual psychology training and therapy.
literature
- Michael Gregor Kölch (Chapter 5) The Annemarie Wolff-Richter Psychopath Home ( online )
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Almuth Bruder-Bezel: History of Individual Psychology . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1999, p. 91
- ↑ cf. also Ursula Heuss-Wolff: The special educational children's home in Berlin-Frohnau . In: Journal for Individual Psychology . Volume 27, pp. 271-178. Munich 2002.
- ↑ cf. Hermann Rudolph: A refuge for fragile children . In: Tagesspiegel . Berlin, November 18, 2001.
- ↑ cf. Bettina Goldberg: School history as social history . Ed. Hentrich, Berlin 1994.
- ↑ a b Michael Gregory Kölch: Theory and Practice of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Berlin from 1920 to 1935 . Dissertation, Berlin 2002.
- ↑ The writer Dinah Nelken portrays Annemarie Wolff-Richter in her autobiographical novel. Dinah Nelken: The fearful heroic life of a certain Fleur Lafontaine. (Novel 1971)
- ^ Christiane Ludwig-Körner: Rediscovered - Psychoanalysts in Berlin . Library of Psychoanalysis. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 1999. pp. 249-267
- ↑ http://potsdam-chronik.de/index.php?title=Annemarie-Wolff-Platz
- ↑ https://www.dgip.de/index.php/inhalt
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wolff-Richter, Annemarie |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Richter, Annemarie (maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German individual psychologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 27, 1900 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wroclaw |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1945 |
| Place of death | Jasenovac |