Antidesma

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Antidesma
Antidesma platyphyllum

Antidesma platyphyllum

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Phyllanthaceae
Genre : Antidesma
Scientific name
Antidesma
L.

Antidesma is a genus of about 100 species from the family Phyllanthaceae that as trees or shrubs to grow. Most species are found in tropical Asia, some also in Africa, Australia and on Pacific islands. One species, Antidesma bunius , is often used as a fruit tree , while some others are rarely used.

description

The species of the genus Antidesma grow as trees and upright shrubs. They are dioecious . The hair on all parts consists of simple hairs . The leaves are alternate and glandless. The stipules are small, the petiole usually short. The leaf blade is simple, entire and pinnate.

The inflorescences are spikes or grapes that grow in leaf axils or rarely appear to grow on the ends of the branches or directly on the stem. Male flowers have a three- to five-fold, rarely up to eight-fold, roof-tile-like lobed, cup-shaped calyx . Petals are missing. The disc is ring-shaped or pillow-shaped and encloses the base of the stamens or consists of free lobes. Three to five, rarely one or up to seven stamens are formed, which are bent in the bud and later stand straight. The stamens are longer than the calyx lobes, the anthers are two-chambered with U-shaped connectors. The counters are separated and form the widespread ends of the U. The female flowers have a similar calyx to the male, and petals are also missing. The discus is pillow-shaped and surrounds the ovary . The ovary is longer than the calyx lobes and usually unicameral. Two ovules are formed per chamber. The two to four scars are short with a forked end. The fruits are egg-shaped, elliptical or lenticular, mostly solitary drupes with persistent styluses. The seeds are short with a fleshy endosperm . The cotyledon is flattened and broad.

The basic chromosome number is x = 13.

distribution

Most of the species grow in tropical Asia, around eight species in Africa, five to eight on Pacific islands and five to seven in Australia.

Systematics and research history

Antidesma is a genus in the family Phyllanthaceae . There it is assigned to the subfamily Antidesmatoideae, Tribus Antidesmateae, Untertribus Antidesmatinae. It is often assigned to the family of the milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae), subfamily Stilaginaceae. The genus was first described by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 .

According to R. Govaerts (WCSP), the following species are recognized:

Branches with fruits of Antidesma bunius
Illustration of Antidesma ghaesembilla

use

The species Antidesma bunius is a commonly used fruit tree, and other species are occasionally planted locally as fruit trees.

proof

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 209 (English).
  • Bernd Nowak, Bettina Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical crops and their fruits . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01455-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Bingtao Li, Petra Hoffmann: Antidesma in Flora of China , Volume 11, p. 209
  2. Antidesma. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed April 9, 2012 .
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Antidesma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  4. Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits , p. 61

Web links

Commons : Antidesma  - collection of images, videos and audio files