List of rulers of Cappadocia
The following list gives an overview of the 4th century BC. BC to the 1st century AD ruling satraps , princes and kings of Cappadocia in Anatolia . The formation of the empire of the Hellenistic epoch is only loosely linked geographically, chronologically and genealogically with the satrapy of the Achaemenid period . Most of the rulers of Cappadocia lived in the city of Mazaka (also called Eusebeia ), today's Kayseri .
Achaemenid satraps
- Pharnakes (ruled at the time of Cyrus II )
- Otanes (ruled around 521/20 BC)
- Ariaramnes (ruled around 515 BC)
- Cyrus (ruled approx. 407–401 BC; son of Darius II )
- Mithradates (ruled approx. 401–363 BC; Mithradates' great-grandfather I. )
- Kamisares (ruled approx. 404-380 BC in southern Cappadocia)
- Datames (ruled approx. 380–362 BC; son of Kamisares')
- Ariamnes (ruled approx. 362-350 BC in southern Cappadocia)
- Mithrobouzanes (ruled approx. 350–334 BC in southern Cappadocia)
The Ariarathids / Otanids
The dynasty of the Ariarathids or Otanids traced its origin back to Otanes , one of the conspirators around Darius I , in which a later court legend can certainly be seen. While the kingdom of Pontos was established in northern Cappadocia , the Ariarathids came to power in the south of the country and ruled an independent kingdom from around 255. The dynasty was eliminated by Mithridates VI. who tried several times to gain control of Cappadocia.
- Ariarathes I (ruled approx. 350–322 BC, first as satrap of the Achaemenids and then factually independent in Northern Cappadocia)
- Sabiktas (ruled 333–332 as satrap of Alexander the Great in southern Cappadocia and thus did not belong to the dynasty)
- Eumenes of Kardia (ruled from 323 as Macedonian satrap; did not belong to the dynasty)
- Nikanor (ruled around 321/20 as a Macedonian satrap; did not belong to the dynasty)
- Ariarathes II (ruled approx. 301 or 280–255 BC under the suzerainty of the Seleucids , nephew and adopted son of Ariarathes I)
- Ariaramnes (ruled approx. 255–225 BC under the suzerainty of the Seleucids; son of Ariarathes II)
- Ariarathes III. (ruled approx. 255–220 BC first as co-regent of his father Ariaramnes under the suzerainty of the Seleucids, then independently with the title of king)
- Ariarathes IV. Eusebes (ruled approx. 220-163 BC; son of Ariarathes' III.)
- Ariarathes V. Eusebes Philopator (ruled approx. 163-130 BC; son of Ariarathes IV.)
- Orophernes Nikephoros (ruled approx. 160–155 BC as a rival of his brother Ariarathes V)
- Ariarathes VI. Epiphanes Philopator (reigned 130–116 BC; son of Ariarathes 'V, weak child king under the control of his wife Laodike - a sister of Mithridates' VI.)
- Ariarathes VII Philometor (reigned 116-101 BC; practically powerless son of Ariarathes VI and nephew Mithridates VI)
- Ariarathes IX. Eusebes Philopator (reigned several times between 100 and 86 BC, initially under the tutelage of Gordius ; was the stepson and vassal of Mithridates VI and therefore did not belong to the dynasty)
- Ariarathes VIII (ruled around 95 BC; powerless brother of Ariarathes VII, appointed king by Nicomedes III , with whose death the dynasty ended)
The Ariobarzanids
The Ariobarzanids dependent on Rome , the second royal dynasty of Cappadocia, descended from Ariobarzanes (I.), who at the instigation of Nicomedes III. by Laodike, the widow of Ariarathes VI., as her third son (and thus brother of Ariarathes VII. and Ariarathes VIII.) and then with the help of Rome several times as an antagonist to the Pontic favorite Ariarathes IX. was put on the throne. The Cappadocian kingship came to an end when Archelaos died in AD 17 and his empire was converted into a Roman province (Cappadocia).
- Ariobarzanes I Philorhomaios (ruled several times between 96/95 and 63 BC)
- Ariobarzanes II. Philopator (ruled 63–52 BC)
- Ariobarzanes III. Eusebes Philorhomaios (ruled 52–42 BC)
- Ariarathes X. Eusebes Philadelphos (reigned 42–36 BC)
- Archelaos Sisinis Philopatris (ruled 36 BC to 17 AD, did not belong to the dynasty)
literature
- Martin Schottky: Border states of Asia Minor in Hellenistic-Roman times , VI.6 Kappadokia, in: Walter Eder / Johannes Renger (ed.): Ruler Chronologies in the ancient world. Names, dates, dynasties , DNP Suppl. 1, Stattgart-Weimar 2004
- Pierre Debord: L'Asie Mineure au IV e siècle (412–323 aC). Pouvoirs et jeux politiques , Bordeaux 1999
- Sviatoslav Dmitriev: Cappadocian Dynastic Rearrangements on the Eve of the First Mithridatic War , in: Historia 55 (2006)
- Christian Marek and Peter Frei : History of Asia Minor in Antiquity , Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1
- Richard D. Sullivan: The Dynasty of Cappadocia , In: Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase (Eds.): Rise and Decline of the Roman World , Part 2, Volume 7, Berlin 1980