Aribert of Milan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aribert carries a model of the basilica, fresco in the apse of the basilica of Cantù
Aribert's grave in the Basilica of San Dionigi
Aribert's Gospel Book, created around 1030–1040 and donated by the Archbishop himself, as can be seen from his name on the back cover of the book; Wood and gold sheet, 42.6 × 33.5 cm, today in the Cathedral Treasury of Santa Maria Nascente, known as the Milan Cathedral

Aribert of Milan , especially in the older literature also Aribert of Intimiano or Antemiano (* between 970 and 980; † January 16, 1045 ), was Archbishop of Milan from 1018 to 1045 .

life and work

Aribert was born between 970 and 980 into a family who owned properties in Intimiano and the Bergamasque area. His father was a certain Gariardo, son of Wipaldo "de loco Antegnano", his mother Berlinda. Both died before 1034. Aribert had three brothers, namely Adecherio, Gariardo and Alberico. The latter married Ermengard, daughter of Bovone, Judex of the city of Pavia . In 998 at the latest, Aribert became a subdeacon of the Milanese church and from 1007 custodian of the parish church of Galliano near Intimiano.

He became in 1018 the archbishop of Milan chosen on 28 March, four months and four days after the death of his predecessor, consecrated . In the first half of his tenure in particular, he pursued an episcopal reform policy. So in 1022 he endorsed the resolutions of the Synod of Pavia against the concubinage of the clergy. He encouraged the establishment of canonies and tied the monasteries closer to the archbishopric, a practice that was part of his policy of reclaiming episcopal territory. So he completely subjugated the monastery of S. Vincenzo to the archbishopric, which claimed to be exempt , but above all new monasteries were created. Aribert clearly represented episcopalian ideas, the outward expression of which was the translation or discovery of the relics of three Milanese bishops. This concerned Giovanni Bono, the bishop of Milan in the Lombard times , who had to go to Genoa. With that, Milan raised claims in Liguria as well . As archbishop he received from Konrad II the right to invest the bishop of Lodi , which he enforced by force of arms. In the Diocese of Asti , he suppressed the Mon (te) forte movement, known as heresy . He first invited to a dispute, where a certain Girardo appeared, but he was not to be convinced. So the castle was conquered and the residents brought to Milan as prisoners. When they tried to gain followers there, they were burned.

With the Archbishop of Ravenna he led an Italian embassy which asked Henry II to come to Italy. In December 1021 he was among the first to receive Heinrich in Verona . He attended the Synod of Pavia in August 1022 . After Heinrich's death in 1024 he supported his successor Konrad II. The archbishop came to Constance in 1025 and recognized Konrad as the new king. A year later he crowned Salier , whom he also received in Verona, in Milan as King of Italy . Together the two took action against Pavia. He also accompanied Konrad in 1026 to the coronation of the emperor in Rome. By working closely with Konrad, he was able to consolidate his position in northern Italy. But there was a dispute with the Archbishop of Ravenna when he stood on the emperor's right while the papal court moved from the Lateran to the Vatican . The offended Aribert withdrew and left his post to Arderich von Vercelli, even when Conrad publicly declared that the Archbishop of Milan, who had the right to be crowned, also had the right to present the king to the Vicar of San Pietro for the imperial coronation. The dispute was decided by a specially convened council a few days later in favor of the Milanese, if one follows Arnolfo (11.3). Since the Patriarch of Aquileia claimed this position in 1027, doubts arise as to whether this account by the chronicler can be correct. When Aribert tried to use the death of the Bishop of Lodi to push through his own candidate, the city's residents took up arms. The archbishop himself fought under the walls of the city, which eventually had to give way. From 1028 to 1033 the archbishop extended his area of ​​interest to Talamona (Valtellina) in the north, where he acquired a farm and goods from Rebaldo and Cesaria di Comazzo. His nephew Girardo, however, concentrated on the area of Cremona .

The good relations with Heinrich and Konrad culminated in 1034, when Aribert was the leader of a military contingent that Konrad supported during a campaign to Burgundy and directed against Count Otto I of Champagne . When Aribert returned to Milan, where he had already enjoyed great support due to his help in times of hunger and persistent drought, the local conditions were greatly changed. The Capitani were upset against him because he had not sought their advice enough - “paululum dominabatur omnium suum considerans non aliorum animum”, as Arnolfo (II, 10) put it - the others because they were beyond the burdens of the company Alps had also promised advantages. The Valvassors sparked a dispute with the nobility with which the Archbishop was most closely connected. Aribert tried to equalize, but without success. The Valvassors left the city and found support from the rural nobility of Seprio and the Martesana. Neither party emerged victorious from the Battle of Campomalo, in which Aribert also took part. It is possible that both parties sought support from Konrad II. Aribert's behavior had been the immediate cause of the Valvassor uprising, for a respected Valvassor had lost his fief because of him . He then asked his peers for support.

In the following years the good cooperation between the Archbishop of Milan and Konrad broke down. Because of the Valvassor uprising in 1036/37, which Aribert had not been able to suppress, Konrad moved to Italy for the second time in ten years. In Milan, Konrad was first solemnly received by Aribert in January or February 1037. However, a tumult arose for which the emperor blamed the archbishop. Aribert II was arrested by Konrad on a court day in Pavia in March 1037 and handed over to Poppo of Aquileia and the Duke Konrad of Carinthia to be monitored . However, after a few weeks he managed to escape from custody. Konrad besieged Milan unsuccessfully. Aribert tried in vain in the second half of 1037 to install Odo of Champagne as the new king of Italy. However, this died on November 15, 1037. At Easter in March 1038 Aribert was from Pope Benedict IX. excommunicated . In Italy, however, the situation remained unresolved when Konrad left.

After Konrad's death on June 4, 1039, Aribert submitted to Heinrich III. 1040 on a farm day in Ingelheim and paid homage to him as the new ruler. In 1042, however, the Milanese Cives expelled the Capitans and Valvassors along with the Archbishop. Although he managed to return, he died a little later.

swell

  • Theodor Sickel (Ed.): Diplomata Heinrici II, Chonradi II, Heinrici III (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae, III, IV, V), Hanover 1900–1909, Berlin 1931, reprint 1997.
  • Cesare Manaresi (ed.): I placiti del "Regnum Italiae" , Vol. II, Rome 1957-1958, doc. 302, 308; Vol. III, Rome 1960, doc. 356 (= Fonti per la Storia d'Italia, XCVI-XCVIII).
  • Atti privati ​​milanesi e comaschi del sec. XI , I, Giovanni Vittani, Cesare Manaresi, Milan 1933, Doc. 93, 99, 103, 115, 118, 129; Vol. II, ed. Cesare Manaresi, C. Santoro, Milan 1960, Docs. 164, 165, 175, 209, 218, 228, 248, 294, 310, 311.
  • Alessandro Cutolo (ed.): Landulphi Senioris Historia Mediolanensis libri quattuor (Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, nuova edizione 4/2), Zanichelli, Bologna 1942, 2nd edition, I. II, c. 20-22, 27, 28, 30, 33.
  • Ludwig Conrad Bethmann , Wilhelm Wattenbach (eds.): Arnulphi Gesta Archiepiscoporum Mediolanensium (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, VIII), Hanover 1848, l. II, c. 1-3, 10, 12, 14, 18.
  • Georg Heinrich Pertz (ed.): Wiponis Vita Chuonradi II imperatoris , (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, XI), Hanover 1878, pp. 254–275.
  • Flammae Galvani Manipulus Florum sive Historia Mediolanensis (= Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores XI), Milan 1727, col. 531-740.
  • Antonio Ceruti (Ed.): Chronicon Maius , in: Miscellanea di storia italiana edita per la cura della R. Deputazione di storia patria VII, Turin 1869, pp. 445–505.
  • Angelo Paredi (ed.): Il sacramentario di Ariberto. Edizione del ms. D 3, 2 della Biblioteca del Capitolo Metropolitano di Milano , in: Miscellanea A. Bernareggi (= Monumenta Bergomensia, 1), Bergamo 1958, pp. 329-488.
  • Carlo Annoni (Ed.): Monumenti della prima metà del secolo XI spettanti all'arcivescovo di Milano Ariberto d'Intimiano ora collocati nel nostro Duomo , Milan 1872 ( digitized ).

literature

Older biographical works

  • Carlo Castiglioni: Ariberto , Brescia 1947 (Castiglioni was prefetto of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana ).
  • Cesare Manaresi: Notie sulla famiglia di Ariberto , in: Archivio storico lombardo XLIX (1922) 394–396.
  • Erich Wunderlich : Aribert von Antimiano Archbishop of Milan , Diss., Halle 1914.
  • Pietro Rotondi: Ariberto d'Intimiano arcivescovo di Milano , in: Archivio storico lombardo, ns, XVIII (1863) 54–89.

Local movement, Milan

  • Gian Luigi Barni: Dal governo del vescovo a quello dei cittadini , in: Storia di Milano, Vol. III: Dagli albori del comune all'incoronazione di Federico Barbarossa, 1002–1152 , Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la Storia di Milano, Milan 1954 , Pp. 22, 33 ff, 39 ff, 65, 85; n.3, 91.
  • Alfredo Bosisio: Storia di Milano , Milan 1958, p. 75ff.
  • Alfredo Bosisio: Prospettive storiche sull'età precomunale e comunale in Milano negli studi più recenti , in Archivio Storico Italiano XCIV (1956) 201–216.
  • Cinzio Violante : La Pataria milanese e la riforma ecclesiastica , Vol. I: Le premesse: 1045-1057 , Rome 1955, passim.
  • Cinzio Violante : La società milanese nell'età precomunale , Bari 1953, pp. 171 ff, 186; n.49, 194, 204, 236.
  • Ginevra Zanetti : Il comune di Milano dalla genesi del consolato fino all'inizio del periodo podestarile , Milan 1935, passim.
  • Alfredo Bosisio: Origini del Comune di Milano , Messina, Milan 1933, passim.
  • Francesco Schupfer: La società milanese all'epoca del risorgimento del Comune , Milan 1876, pp. 66-90 (assumes that Aribert's goal was the establishment of a commune under his leadership (p. 69)).

Relationship to the Roman-German Empire

  • Christoph Dartmann : Italian bishops and East Franconian-German emperors. An eccentric look at the Ottonian and Salian empire. In: Wolfram Drews (Ed.): The interaction of rulers and elites in imperial orders of the Middle Ages (= The Middle Ages. Perspectives of Medieval Research. Supplements. Vol. 8). De Gruyter, Berlin 2018, pp. 212–228, ISBN 3-11-057255-9 .
  • Cinzio Violante , Aspetti della politica italiana di Enrico III prima della sua discesa in Italia (1039-1046), in Rivista Storica Italiana LXIV (1952) 157-176, 293-314.
  • Maximilian Pfenninger : Emperor Konrad's relations with Aribo of Mainz, Pilgrim of Cologne and Aribert of Milan , Lindner, Breslau 1891, pp. XXXV – XLIII ( digitized version ).
  • Siegfried Hirsch : Yearbooks of the German Empire under Heinrich II. , Vol. III, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 137, 195, 214, 217 (on the alleged marriage of Aribert).
  • Ernst Steindorff : Yearbooks of the German Empire under Heinrich III. , Vol. I, Leipzig 1874, passim.
  • Harry Bresslau : Yearbooks of the German Empire under Konrad II. , Vol. I, Leipzig 1879, Duncker & Humblot, 1967, pp. 71, 79 ff., 108, 122, 124, 133, 138, n. 3, 139, 144 , 148 n. 4, 149, 318, 417, 453s .; II, ibid. 1884, passim

Monasteries

  • Piero Zerbi: Monasteri e Riforma a Milano. Dalla fine del secolo X agli inizi del XII , in: Aevum (1950) 44-53, 160-176, again in Ecclesia in hoc mundo posita , Milan 1993, pp. 217-251.
  • Emilio Nasalli Rocca di Cornegliano: Un'antica dipendenza dell'arcivescovo milanese, l'abbazia di S. Salvatore e S. Gallo di Tolla , in: Studi in onore di C. Castiglioni , Milan 1957, pp. 591-612.

Art history

  • Angelo Repossi: La Basilica di S. Vincenzo in Galliano Presso Cantù , in: Ambrosius (1927) 258 ff.
  • Giulio R. Ansaldi: Gli affreschi della Basilica di S. Vincenzo in Galliano , Milan 1949, p. 25 ff.
  • Angelo Paredi: Le miniature del sacramento di Ariberto , in Studi in onore di Carlo Castiglioni , Milan 1957, pp. 697–717.

Web links

Commons : Aribert of Milan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Heinz Wolter: The synods in the realm and in realm Italy from 916 to 1056. Paderborn u. a. 1988, pp. 283-289.
  2. ↑ Herwig Wolfram: Konrad II. 990-1039. Emperor of three kingdoms. Munich 2000, p. 116.
  3. ^ Christoph Dartmann: Italian bishops and East Franconian-German emperors. An eccentric look at the Ottonian and Salian empire. In: Wolfram Drews (Ed.): The interaction of rulers and elites in imperial orders of the Middle Ages. Berlin 2018, pp. 212–228, here: p. 225.
  4. ↑ Herwig Wolfram: Konrad II. 990-1039. Emperor of three kingdoms. Munich 2000, pp. 140-146.
  5. ↑ Herwig Wolfram: Konrad II. 990-1039. Emperor of three kingdoms. Munich 2000, p. 150.
predecessor Office successor
Arnolfo II da Arsago Archbishop of Milan
1018-1045 		Guido da Velate
personal data
SURNAME Aribert of Milan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lombard clergyman, Archbishop of Milan
DATE OF BIRTH between 970 and 980
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1045