Arlette Leroi-Gourhan

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Arlette Leroi-Gourhan , b. Royer (* 9. January 1913 in Paris ; † 25. April 2005 in Vermenton , Yonne department ) was a French prehistorian , which are primarily the Paläobotanik has earned.

Life

Arlette Royer was born into a wealthy industrial family and had the opportunity to travel through Europe and North Africa at an early age. She attended the École du Louvre , then the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales , where she heard from Marcel Mauss and witnessed the conversion of the Ethnological Museum du Trocadéro into the Musée de l'Homme . There she worked her way into museology . At the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, she met André Leroi-Gourhan , whom she married in 1936.

When her husband got a job as an ethnologist with the Japanese government, the couple went there in February 1937 to stay for two years. While André was working at the Franco-Japanese institute in Kyoto , Arlette prepared photographs for him, carried out secretarial tasks and accompanied her husband on the upcoming trips. In the summer of 1938 they dealt with the last Ainu on Hokkaidō . While André was publishing his work, Arlette published a paper on this subject in 1989 based on their joint work. With the Munich Agreement , the couple's situation became untenable, so Arlette left with some objects for the Paris Museum.

For the next 15 years, Arlette Leroi-Gourhan devoted her labor to her four children and the career of her husband, who continued to work at the museum, but also at the University of Lyon .

From 1954 she started doing her own research. Her workplace was initially a laboratory at the Musée de l'Homme, which specialized in pollen analysis and which was widely used by French and foreign colleagues. André Leroi-Gourhan headed the prehistoric department at the Center national de la recherche scientifique . Arlette soon worked as a non-portfolio director at the same institute. Until 1986, when their husband died, the couple only published one article together, although Arlette also published on the basis of work André had carried out in Japan.

Arlette Leroi-Gourhan specialized in paleobotany, a field that had hardly been worked on until then. She mainly learned from Madeleine Van Campo . She gained her first experience in the caves of Arcy-sur-Cure , of Saint-Marcel ( Département Indre ) and in the Cotte de Saint-Brelade on Jersey . She published the preliminary results together with Van Campo in 1956. In 1965 the couple published the only joint publication, namely on the cave of Arcy-sur-Cure. In the years 1957 to 1961, however, she initially turned to North African excavation sites, such as the El Guettar cave in Tunisia , and Middle Eastern excavation sites, such as Shanidar in Iraq . In addition, she dealt with southwestern European sites such as Isturitz , Lascaux , la Cueva del Otero , la Vache and the Abri Fritsch. She was able to present a first synthesis in 1959 at a prehistoric congress in Monaco . This enabled French research to establish its paleobotanical focus, with the emphasis in the 1970s on reconstructing climatic developments.

In addition to palaeobotany, Arlette Leroi-Gourhan dealt with the visual arts on the cave walls of Lascaux, Enlène , la Vache and le Portel. On Lascaux, Lascaux inconnu, a joint work with Jacques Allain was created, in 1979 a monograph as a supplement to the Gallia-Préhistoire ; on Schanidar, an essay on the flowers found there was first published, and another on the same topic in 1999.

In 1990 she received the Ordre national du Mérite . In 2002 she retired to Verment. In total, she wrote over 170 publications.

Works (selection)

  • with Jacques Allain : Lascaux inconnu , Éditions du Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 1979.
  • with Françoise Trotignon, Jacques Allain, Thérèse Poulain: Études sur l'Abri Fritsch (Indre) , Éditions du Center national de la recherche scientifique, Paris 1984.
  • with Gilles Delluc, Jacques Lagrange, Claude Bassier, Thierry Felix, Marcel Ravidat, Paul Fitte, Brigitte Delluc, André Leroi-Gourhan, Jean-Pierre Bitard, Alain Roussot, Denis Vialou, Bernard Fournioux: Le livre du Jubilé de Lascaux, 1940- 1990 , La societe historique et archeologique du Perigord, 1990 (therein: Les Artistes de Lascaux ).
  • with Jean-Laurent Monnier, Claude Guérin, Georgette Delibrias: Chapitre premier. Environnement et chronologie , in: José Garanger (Ed.): La préhistoire dans le monde. Nouvelle édition de la préhistoire d'André Leroi-Gourhan , Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 1992.
  • A trip to the Ainu. Hokkaido 1938 , Ammann, 1995.
  • Les derniers Ai͏̈nous. Photographies au Japon en 1938 , Editions Akié Arichi, 2000.

literature

  • Aline Emery-Barbier, Chantal Leroyer, Philippe Soulier: Arlette Leroi-Gourhan (1913-2005): l'initiatrice de la palynologie appliquée à l'archéologie préhistorique , in: Archeo Sciences 30 (2006) 227-231. ( online )
  • Anick Coudart: Archeology of french women and french women in archeology , in: Magarita Díaz-Andreu, Marie Louise Stig Sørensen (Ed.): Excavating Women. A history of women in European archeology . Routledge, London 2005, ISBN 0-415-15760-9 , pp. 61-85, here: p. 73.

Remarks

  1. ^ André Leroi-Gourhan: Archéologie du Pacifique nord , 1944.
  2. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan, André Leroi-Gourhan: Un voyage chez les Ainous , Albin Michel, Paris 1989.
  3. ↑ Madeleine Van Campo, Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Un paysage forestier rissien dans l'Yonne , in: Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, 103.5-6 (1956) 285-286 and Diess: Note préliminaire à l'étude des pollens fossiles de différents niveaux des grottes d'Arcy-sur-Cure , in: Bulletin du Museum, 2e série, vol. 28,3, pp. 326-330.
  4. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Note sur les possibilités qu'apporte l'analyse pollinique aux études climatologiques en Afrique du Nord , in: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 54.9 (1957) 524-525.
  5. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Résultats de l'analyse pollinique du gisement d'El Guettar (Tunisie) , in: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française  55, (1958) 546-551.
  6. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Analyze pollinique de la grotte de Shanidar , in: INQUA, VIth Congress, 1961, pp. 141-143.
  7. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Résultats de l'analyse pollinique de la grotte d'Isturitz , in: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 56.9-10 (1959) 619-624.
  8. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: La grotte de Lascaux , in: Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 88e Session extraordinaire, 1960, Vol. 109, 1962, pp. 91-95.
  9. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Analyze pollinique de la Cueva del Otero , in: Excavaciones Arqueologica en España , Vol. 53, 1966, pp. 83-85.
  10. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Pollens et datation de la grotte de la Vache (Ariège) , in: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de l'Ariège 22 (1967) 115–127.
  11. ^ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Analyze pollinique des niveaux paléolithiques de l'abri Fritsch , in: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 4 (1968) 81-86.
  12. ^ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Flores et climats du Paléolithique récent , In: Congrès préhistorique de France, Monaco, 1959 , 1960, pp. 808-813.
  13. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: The flowers found with Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal burial in Irak , in: Science 190 (1975) 562-564.
  14. ↑ Arlette Leroi-Gourhan: Shanidar et ses fleurs , in: Paléorient 24,2 (1999) 79-88.
  15. ↑ See Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française  103, (2006) 827-831.
personal data
SURNAME Leroi-Gourhan, Arlette
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Royer, Arlette
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French prehistoric woman
DATE OF BIRTH January 9, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH April 25, 2005
Place of death Vermenton