Arteriviridae
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The Arteriviridae are a family of enveloped viruses within the order Nidovirales . The name Arteriviridae is derived from the disease " Equine Arteritis ", which is caused by a virus from this family.
Virus structure
The virions have a diameter of approx. 45 to 60 nm. The icosahedral or spherical nucleocapsid is surrounded by a membrane envelope which contains, among other things, the following virus proteins:
- E ( envelope )
- GP2
- GP3
- GP4
- GP5
- M ( matrix protein )
GP stands for glycoprotein here .
Genome
Arteriviruses have a genome from 12.7 to 15.7 kb in length, which is present as single- stranded RNA with positive polarity . Positive polarity means that the virus RNA can act directly as mRNA in the host cell . The virus RNA is enveloped in a helical capsid .
Replication
The replication takes place in the cytoplasm in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host cell instead. The assembly of virions and budding takes place on intracellular membranes, most likely on the ER. The finished virions (virus particles) are released by exocytosis .
Hosts
The arteriviruses infect, depending on the virus species : horses, pigs, mice and monkeys.
properties
A common feature of the virus species within the Arteriviridae are their target cells, i.e. the cells in which the virus multiplies. Arteriviruses mainly infect the macrophages in the lungs . The viruses can also persist in the body of the animal species concerned .
Systematics
- Family Arteriviridae
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- Subfamily Crocarterivirinae
- Genus muarterivirus
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- Subfamily Equarterivirinae (hosts: horses)
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- Genus Alphaarterivirus (formerly Equartevirus )
- Species Alphaarterivirus equid (alias Equine Arteritis Virus , EAV), cause of equine arteritis
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- Subfamily Heroarterivirinae (hosts: rats, Gambia)
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- Genus lambda arterivirus
- Species Lambdaarterivirus afriporav (aka African pouched rat arterivirus , APRAV)
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- Subfamily Simarterivirinae (hosts: monkeys, former genus Simartevirus )
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- Genus delta arterivirus
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- Subgenus: Hedartevirus
- Species Deltaarterivirus hemfev including Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV)
- Genus epsilon arterivirus
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- Subgenus: Shearte virus
- Species Simian hemorragic fever virus (aka Epsilonarterivirus hemcep , SHEV)
- Genus Etaarterivirus
- Genus Iotaarterivirus
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- Subgenus: Debiartevirus
- Species Iotaarterivirus debrazmo including DeBrazza's monkey arterivirus
- Subgenus: Kigiartevirus
- Subgenus: Pedartevirus
- Genus thetaarterivirus
- Subgenus: Caftartevirus
- Subgenus: Mitartevirus
- Genus Zetaarterivirus
- Gender not classified
- Species " Southwest baboon virus 1 " (SWBV-1, proposed) (presumably related to Simarterivirinae , see also cladogram below)
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- Subfamily Variarterivirinae (hosts including rats)
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- Genus beta arterivirus
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- Subgenus: Ampobarte virus
- Species PRRS-2 virus ( Betaarterivirus suid 2 )
- Subgenus: Chibarte virus
- Subgenus: Eurpobartevirus
- Species PRRS-1 virus ( Betaarterivirus suid 1 )
- Genus Gammaarterivirus
- Species Gammaarterivirus lacdeh (LDV) with Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus
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- Subfamily Zealarterivirinae (first found in New Zealand, former genus Nesartevirus )
- Genus kappa arterivirus
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- Subfamily not classified
- Species " Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus " (PRRSV, proposed to Variarterivirinae ? - see cladogram below)
- Due to the reorganization of this family, the earlier genera Dipartevirus , Nesartevirus , Porartevirus and Simartevirus no longer exist.
In the following cladogram according to Mang Shi et al. (2016) the names were updated according to ICTV MSL # 35 (as of March 2020):
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See also
literature
- Hans-Joachim Selbitz, Uwe Truyen, Peter Valentin-Weigand (eds.): Veterinary microbiology, infection and disease theory. 9th completely revised edition, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8304-1080-5
- Fritz H. Kayser et al. a .: Medical microbiology, understanding - learning - looking up. 10th completely revised edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York 2001, ISBN 978-3-13-444810-8
Web links
- ViralZione: Arteriviridae , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
- Notes on Family: Arteriviridae , Descriptions of plant viruses, Association of Applied Biologists (AAB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ Modrow, S .; Falke, D .; Truyen, U. (2003): Molecular Virology . 2nd edition Springer Akademischer Verlag; Heidelberg, Berlin.
- ↑ NCBI: Equine arteritis virus (no rank)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Mang Shi, Xiabn-Dan Lin, Jun-Huia Tian et al. : Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere , in: Nature 540, pp. 539-543, November 23, 2016, doi: 10.1038 / nature20167 , via ResearchGate (full text), Supplement (PDF) . De Brazza's monkey arterivirus is apparently a misspelling for NCBI: DeBrazza's monkey arterivirus (due to genitive)
- ↑ NCBI: African pouched rat arterivirus (no rank)
- ↑ SIB: Simartevirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ NCBI: Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (no rank)
- ↑ NCBI: DeBrazza's monkey arterivirus (no rank)
- ↑ NCBI: Southwest baboon virus 1 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (no rank)
- ↑ NCBI: [1] (species)