Arthur Amos Noyes

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arthur Amos Noyes

Arthur Amos Noyes (born September 13, 1866 in Newburyport , Massachusetts , † June 3, 1936 in California ) was an American chemist .

Life

Noyes studied chemistry on a scholarship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a bachelor's degree in 1886 and a master's degree in 1887. He then worked as an assistant in analytical chemistry. He went to Germany with other MIT students to study further and originally wanted to continue his education in organic chemistry (with Adolf Baeyer in Munich as the first choice - there was no free space there), but became physics in Leipzig through the lectures of Wilhelm Ostwald Chemistry attracted. In 1890 he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig near Ostwald with a thesis on deviations from Van-'t-Hoff'schen law (which he had just drawn up in 1885). Then he went back to MIT, where he became an instructor and from 1894 had a full professorship in theoretical chemistry. In 1903 he founded the laboratory for physical chemistry there, the first such laboratory in the USA. From 1907 to 1909 he was acting president of MIT. In 1920 he went to Caltech as head of the Gates laboratory for chemistry. At the invitation of George Ellery Hale (who had studied with him at MIT), he had had relationships with Caltech since 1913. The last 15 years of his life have been overshadowed by health problems - once his death was falsely reported in the newspaper. He was never married.

In 1915 he received the Willard Gibbs Medal and in 1927 the Davy Medal . He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1905) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1899). In 1923 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . His PhD students included Roscoe G. Dickinson and Charles D. Coryell .

He dealt in particular with electrolytic solutions, but also with other areas of chemistry such as organic chemistry or the analytical chemistry of rare elements. He is also of importance as a teacher of chemistry in the USA.

Noyes-Whitney equation

In 1897, together with Willis Rodney Whitney , he established the Noyes-Whitney equation for the rate of dissolution of a solid in a liquid:

With:

  • Resolution rate
  • A surface of the solid body
  • C mean concentration of the solid substance in the solvent
  • C s Concentration of the solid substance in the diffusion layer around the solid body
  • D diffusion coefficient
  • L Thickness of the diffusion layer

It is important in pharmacy.

Fonts

  • A detailed course of qualitative chemical analysis, Boston 1895 (first as Notes on qualitative analysis in 1892)
    • 10th edition as A course of instruction in the qualitative chemical analysis of inorganic substances with Ernest H. Swift, Macmillan 1942
  • with Samuel P. Mulliken : Laboratory experiments on the class reactions and identification of organic substances, 2nd edition, Easton, Pennsylvania, Chemical Publ. Company 1898
  • The general principles of physical science. An introduction to the study of the general principles of chemistry, New York, Holt 1902
  • with Miles S. Sherrill: A course of instructions in the general principles of chemistry, Boston, Thomas Todd 1914, 1917
    • 2nd edition rewritten and published as A course of study in chemical principles , Macmillan 1938
  • Electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions, Carnegie Institution, Washington DC 1907
  • with WC Bray: A system of qualitative analysis of the rare elements, 1927

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. He taught himself the subject matter of the first year in self-study, as for financial reasons he could not study until a year after graduating from high school when he received the scholarship, but was accepted into the second year
  2. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed March 25, 2020 .
  3. Linus Pauling in Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy, he raises particular his textbook The general principles of chemistry out