artichokes
| artichokes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flowering artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cynara | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The artichokes ( Cynara ) are a genus of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The species have their areas in the Mediterranean , Macaronesia and the Middle East. The best known is the species Cynara cardunculus L., as the two groups of varieties used as vegetables, artichoke and cardy , arose from it.
description
Artichokes are thistle-like, sturdy, annual to perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 50 to 250 cm. The leaves are compound and have a thorny leaf margin.
The large, cup-shaped inflorescences contain only tubular flowers . The many bracts are in five to more than eight rows. The radially symmetrical tubular flowers are white, pink to purple.
The fruits are achenes with more or less pentagonal hairs attached to their base with parachute-like pappus of three to seven rows.
Systematics
The genus Cynara was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The genus Cynara belongs to the subtribe Carduinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).
There are about ten species in the genus of artichokes ( Cynara ):
- Cynara algarbiensis Mariz : It isnativeto the Iberian Peninsula .
- Cynara auranitica Post : The home is the Middle East eastwards to western Iran and Turkey .
- Cynara baetica (Spreng.) Pau ( Syn . : Cynara alba DC. , Cynara hystrix Ball ): With two subspecies:
-
Cynara cardunculus L .: originally naturalized in the western Mediterranean area, also in the eastern Mediterranean area and as an invasive plant in California, South America, South Africa and Australia. Ancestral species of the artichoke and cardy cultivars. With the subspecies:
- Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus (Syn .: Cynara corsica Viv. , Cynara horrida Aiton , Cynara sylvestris Lam. )
- Cynara cardunculus ssp. flavescens Wiklund : Occurrence in North Africa, on the Iberian Peninsula, in Italy and in Macaronesia .
- Artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus subsp. Scolymus (L.) Hegi , Syn .: Cynara scolymus L. )
- Cynara cardunculus subsp. zingaroensis (Raimondo & Domina) Raimondo & Domina : It occurs in Sicily.
- Cynara cornigera Lindl. : Home is Libya , Egypt , Greece with Crete and East Aegean Islands as well as Cyprus .
- Cynara cyrenaica Maire & Weiller : Home is Libya and Crete .
- Cynara humilis L .: Home is the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Algeria.
- Cynara makrisii Hand & Hadjik .: Home is Cyprus.
- Cynara syriaca Boiss. : Home is the Middle East and Cyprus.
- Cynara tournefortii Boiss. & Reut. : Home is the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.
swell
- David J. Keil: Cynara. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 89 (English). , online .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 827 digitized
- ^ Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore). Cynara. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
- ↑ a b Entry in GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. (engl.)
