Aucher report
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| Atriplex aucheri | ||||||||||||
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The Aucher-Melde ( Atriplex aucheri ) is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is considered the wild original form of the cultivated garden log .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Aucher-Melde grows as an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 40 to 180 cm (rarely up to 250 cm). The upright stem , round in cross section at the bottom and somewhat square at the top, is mostly branched with diagonally protruding, often floured side branches.
The leaves are opposite at the bottom of the stem and alternate further up. They reach a length of 4 to 10 cm and a width of 2 to 8 cm. They are stalked 1 to 3 cm long. The leaf blade, which is dark green on top and densely gray-whitish on the underside, floured by blister hairs, is concave and often rolled up like a bag on the upper leaves. The spade shape of the lower leaves is triangular-spike-shaped with extended spike corners and a truncated or heart-shaped base. The upper leaves are triangular-lanceolate to oblong obovate, with a wedge-shaped base. The leaf margin is roughly indented, with an elongated second pair of basal teeth, occasionally with almost the entire margin. The taste of the leaves is described as mild.
Inflorescence and flowers
The flowering time does not begin in Germany until the beginning of September (according to Schwarz 2004. In the Flora Iranica a flowering time is given from April to May and in the Flora of China from August to October). In terminal, branched, ährigen inflorescences balls are usually made of six green, often reddish crowded flowers in the armpit of bracts .
There are hermaphroditic, male and two types of female flowers. The hermaphroditic flowers contain five elongated bracts ( tepals ), five stamens and a horizontal ovary . The ovary is missing in the male flowers, and the stamens are not developed in some female "horizontal" flowers. Most female flowers are "vertical": they are two continue reading enveloped bloom do not exist, they contain only a vertical ovary.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit cluster is heavily overhanging due to its weight during the fruiting season (in Germany from November). There are several types of fruits ( heterocarpy ): In the "horizontal" flowers, the bracts surround the horizontal fruit of about 1.5 mm in diameter with a black, smooth seed coat.
The vertical fruit remains covered by the free pre-leaves, which enlarge to 10 to 15 mm in length and 9 to 12 mm in width. The dry bracts are straw yellow, sometimes reddish or with a reddish border. The shape of the prophylls is oval-ovate or rounded, not or slightly pointed or slightly edged and with entire margins. Their surface shows a network-like veining, the main veins separate only after a fifth to a quarter of the length of the previous leaf. There are two vertical types of seeds: yellow-brown seeds with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm and a matt, translucent seed coat , as well as smaller black seeds, which often have long remains of the style and are shiny after the thin pericarp is rubbed off.
Chromosome number
According to investigations by Schwarz (2004), the number of chromosomes is around 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
Atriplex aucheri is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .
Occurrence
Atriplex aucheri is native to Central Asia. Its distribution area extends from south-east Europe ( Ukraine , south- east European Russia ), Turkey and the Caucasus region through northern Iran , Afghanistan , Turkmenistan , Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan to the Chinese Xinjiang .
Introduced as an adventitious plant , it has also been found in Germany , Estonia and European Russia.
It colonizes steppes , also on salty soils , gravel or the banks of water, but also occurs on roadsides or as weeds in gardens. In Iran it can thrive up to an altitude of 2500 meters.
Systematics
The Aucher-Melde ( Atriplex aucheri ) belongs to the Atriplex section within the genus Atriplex . It is closely related to the Gartenmelde ( Atriplex hortensis ) and the Gloss-Melde ( Atriplex sagittata ) and is possibly often confused with these.
The first release of Atriplex also Moq. took place in 1840 by Alfred Moquin-Tandon in Chenopodearum Monographica Enumeratio , p. 51. The species name refers to the botanist and explorer Pierre Martin Rémi Aucher-Éloy , from whom the type specimen comes.
Synonyms of Atriplex aucheri Moq. are Atriplex amblyostegia Turcz. , Atriplex desertorum Sosn. , Atriplex hortensis subsp. desertorum (Iljin) eels , Atriplex nitens subsp. aucheri (Moq.) Takht. and Atriplex nitens subsp. desertorum Ilyin .
swell
literature
- Ian C. Hedge: Atriplex aucheri . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica , Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Graz, Akad. Druck, 1997, p. 67. (sections description, occurrence)
- Oliver Christoph Schwarz: Contributions to the biology, chorology, ecology and taxonomy of the neophytic report Atriplex micrantha and related species. Dissertation Uni Stuttgart, 2004. (pdf full text) (German common name, sections description, occurrence)
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Atriplex aucheri , p. 362 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X . (Sections Description, Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In : American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ P. Uotila 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Atriplex aucheri . Entry on PESI Portal .
- ↑ a b Atriplex aucheri at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis