Shine report

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Shine report
Gloss-Melde (Atriplex sagittata)

Gloss-Melde ( Atriplex sagittata )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Report ( Atriplex )
Type : Shine report
Scientific name
Atriplex sagittata
Borkh.

The gloss report ( Atriplex sagittata ) is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

description

Shine message, illustration

Vegetative characteristics

The gloss-Melde is an annual plant that reaches heights of 10 to 250 cm and is branched. The leaves are dark-lime green on the top and lighter to whitish on the underside, the upper leaves (from the sixth pair of leaves) are waxy and shiny. The leaf blade is elongated-triangular-spear-shaped with a length of up to 10 cm and often pointed long. The leaf margin is roughly indented, pointed, and the uppermost leaves have entire or curved teeth. The taste of the leaves is described as disgusting bitter and burning.

Inflorescence and flower

Inflorescence with predominantly male flowers
Female flower with two bracts and without perigone (♀ ') and female flower without bracts and 5 tepals (♀ ")
Female flower with two bracts, anterior removed

The flowers are in the axilla of bracts in clusters of usually five to six (one to eleven) in terminal or lateral, compound, spiked inflorescences. The green flowers can be male, female or hermaphrodite. Hermaphrodite flowers (without bracts) contain five elongated bracts ( tepals ), as well as five stamens and a horizontal ovary . In purely male flowers the ovary is absent, in female "horizontal" flowers the stamens are not developed. The female always "vertical" flowers are of two bracteoles wrapped, bloom do not exist, they contain only a vertical ovary.

Fruit and seeds

Part of the fruit stand with bracts

At the time of fruiting, the side branches are bent down from the fruit load. The vertical fruit remains of the Page Down wrapped, which increase to about 10 mm in length and 7 mm width. The prophylls are broadly ovate, longer than wide, tapering to a point and with entire margins. When the fruit is ripe, they are semi-transparent and have a straw-yellow to brownish color. Its surface is nervous, the three main veins are separated from the base. The seed size reaches about half the length of the front leaf. In the "horizontal" flowers, the five-part flower shell surrounds the horizontal fruit.

There are two types of seeds ( heterocarpy ): Black seeds arise in vertical and horizontal flowers. After removing the thin pericarp, its surface is shiny. Brown-gray seeds only arise in horizontal flowers.

Heyday

The flowering period extends from late July to September.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Photosynthetic pathway

The gloss-Melde is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .

ecology

The pollination is usually done by the wind, even self-pollination or the transfer of pollen by insects are possible.

The gloss is reporting from the caterpillars of butterflies used as food, for example, from the Meldenflureule ( Dicestra trifolii ) and of the gelechiidae belonging nitentella Scrobipalpa

A downy mildew fungus Peronospora minor lives parasitically on the Gloss-Melde.

Occurrence

The gloss report is widespread in Central and Eastern Europe and in Western and Central Asia . In Western Europe it is considered a naturalized neophyte , in Northern Europe it occurs only inconsistently. Their original habitat are steppes and semi-deserts .

It is considered to be warmth-loving and salt-bearing and colonizes weed meadows on debris and paths, on motorways and trunk roads. In plant sociology , it is considered a character species of the Atriplicetum nitentis from the Sisymbrion association. In river valleys it grows on dry river banks or in nitrogen-loving river reporting corridors (association: Chenopodion rubri). They are found as first settlers on stone floors. On the Weser and Elbe rivers it also occurs as an agriophyte in fields. According to Ellenberg , it is a full-light plant, a heat pointer and a pointer of nitrogen-rich locations.

In Germany, the Glanz-Melde is probably an archaeophyte that has been native to Germany for several hundred years . However, since it has only appeared regularly since the middle of the 20th century, it is often classified as a neophyte. It occurs here scattered, but gregarious, especially in dry and warm areas, especially in the east.

In Austria, the possibly long-established species occurs frequently to absent -minded in the Pannonian area , otherwise rarely on moderately dry ruderal meadows of the colline altitude range. The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Upper Austria and Styria ; those in Carinthia and Salzburg are considered to be inconsistent.

Taxonomy

The gloss report ( Atriplex sagittata ) belongs to the section Atriplex in the genus Atriplex .

The first description of Atriplex sagittata was made in 1793 by Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen . Synonyms of Atriplex sagittata Borkh. are Atriplex acuminata Waldst. & Kit. , Atriplex hermannii Soyer-Willemet , Atriplex hortensis subsp. nitens E.Pons , Atriplex hortensis var. nitens Fior and Atriplex nitens Schkuhr (nom. illeg., an unnecessary name for the species already mentioned) and Atriplex micrantha Kar. & Kir. (non CAMey. , nom. nud.).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 91 . (Section description)
  • Oliver Christoph Schwarz: Contributions to the biology, chorology, ecology and taxonomy of the neophytic report Atriplex micrantha and related species. Dissertation Uni Stuttgart, 2004 (PDF file). (Section description).
  • Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Atriplex sagittata . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011 (sections occurrence, taxonomy).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Atriplex sagittata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  3. ↑ a b c Atriplex sagittata at BiolFlor .
  4. ↑ a b gloss report. In: FloraWeb.de.
  5. ↑ Hostplant Species: Atriplex nitens Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni, Luis M. Hernández: HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants .
  6. ↑ Entry in Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
  7. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  349 .
  8. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  9. ↑ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Atriplex sagittata . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  10. ^ Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen: Flora of the upper county of Catzenelnbogen. In: Rheinisches Magazin for the expansion of natural history. Volume 1, 1793, pp. 393–608, Atriplex sagittata on p. 477 ff., Preview in the Google book search.
  11. ↑ Alexander P. Sukhorukov: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR ). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Volume 108B, 2007, pp. 338-339 (PDF file) .

Web links

Commons : Shine-Melde ( Atriplex sagittata )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files