Aulosepalum
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| Aulosepalum | ||||||||||||
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Aulosepalum is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of about six to twelve types of herbaceous plants thatare nativeto Central America.
description
The species of the genus Aulosepalum form a basal rosette of leaves . The leaves are broad to narrowly oval in shape, tapering to a point at the end, with long stalks. The fleshy, cigar-shaped, hairy roots attach in a tuft to the base of the shoot.
The racemose inflorescence appears terminal, at this time the leaves wither. It bears numerous resupinated flowers in the upper area and is surrounded by bracts . The ovary is twisted somewhat in a spiral. The three identically designed sepals are fused together to form a tube at the base, and turned back at the top. The lateral petals are close to the upper petal. On the outside, the petals are hairy, especially at their base. They form a nectarium at their attachment point at the ovary . The lip starts at the base with a long, narrow part, the front part is wider oval. Between these two parts sit two nectar glands pointing backwards. The upturned sides of the lip form a narrow access to the nectarium with the column . The lip is hairy on the inside. The column is slightly club-shaped and slightly hairy on the underside. At the point of attachment to the ovary, it forms an extension, the columnar foot. The scar consists of two connected surfaces. The stamen is located dorsally, it contains two pollinia , each of which is deeply divided into two. Although there is no pronounced stalk between the pollinium and the adhesive disc (Viscidium), the pollinia on the side where they are pulled out with the adhesive disc are stuck together hard and tight, further away from the adhesive disc they become more crumbly. The column surrounds the stamen with an almost tubular over this grown tissue (clinandrium) and laterally with two staminodes . The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is not very pronounced.
The capsule fruits are oval shaped, they contain numerous very small seeds (780 µm).
Occurrence
Aulosepalum is common in Central America from Mexico to Panama. The species occur at altitudes of 200 to 2800 meters. The locations are characterized by a seasonally dry climate; the plants survive the dry season without leaves thanks to the thickened roots. At the beginning of the rainy season the leaves develop, at the beginning of the dry season the flowers appear and the leaves wither. The seeds are then ripe by the next rainy season.
Systematics and botanical history
Aulosepalum is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . Related genera are Beloglottis and Svenkoeltzia .
The genus Auosepalum has a complex history of botanical assignment and naming. It was set up by Rudolf Schlechter in 1920 under the name Gamosepalum . However, this name had already been used by Haussknecht for other plants in 1897, so this name was not valid for Schlechter's orchids. It was not until 1980 that Leslie Garay gave the genus the new name Aulosepalum , which refers to the tubular petals that have grown together. As part of his work, Garay assigned a type species to this and related genera and assigned other species accordingly. By Pamela Burns-Balogh different typification was suggested that the orientation of their opinion rather original to Schlechter descriptions. Garay's Aulosepalum hemichrea serves as a type species for the genus Deiregyne . As a result, almost all species of the genus Aulosepalum were described as Deiregyne by her . Other botanists argue that Schlechter's vague descriptions fit a large number of related orchids and could not serve as a basis, therefore Garay's type species and classifications are to be regarded as valid.
While Gerardo Salazar writes of about twelve species, Kew Gardens only counts the following nine as aulosepalum :
- Aulosepalum hemichrea (Lindl.) Garay : It occurs from Mexico to Nicaragua .
- Aulosepalum nelsonii (Greenm.) Garay : It occurs in the Mexican states of Michoacán and Oaxaca .
- Aulosepalum oestlundii (Burns-Bal.) Catling : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Guerrero .
- Aulosepalum pulchrum (Schltr.) Catling : It occurs from southern Mexico to Guatemala .
- Aulosepalum pyramidale (Lindl.) MADix & MWDix (Syn .: Kionophyton pyramidalis (Lindl.) Garay ): It occurs from Mexico to Costa Rica .
- Aulosepalum ramentaceum (Lindl.) Garay : It occurs only in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí .
- Aulosepalum riodelayense (Burns-Bal.) Salazar (Syn .: Kionophyton riodelayensis (Burns-Bal.) Catling ): It occurs only in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
- Aulosepalum tenuiflorum (Greenm.) Garay : It occurs in the Mexican states of Morelos and Guerrero .
- Aulosepalum trufulae (Archila & Chiron) JMHShaw : It occurs in Guatemala.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Mark W. Chase, Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Martin Ingrouille: Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae), evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 90 , no. 5 , 2003, ISSN 0002-9122 , p. 777-795 .
- ^ G. Salazar: Aulosepalum . In: Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Aulosepalum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 28, 2020.
See also
literature
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, ISSN 0006-8098 , pp. 298 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 170-174 .