Bearded knight
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Bearded knight ( Tricholoma vaccinum ) |
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| Tricholoma vaccinum | ||||||||||||
| ( Schaeff .: Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The bearded knight ( Tricholoma vaccinum ) is a species of mushroom from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae). The fruiting bodies appear in coniferous forests from August to November. The mushroom is inedible because of its bitter taste. Due to the structure of the hat skin, the bearded knight is also called a woolly or shaggy knight . In contrast, the second part of the scientific species name " vaccinum ", derived from the Latin " vacca " (= cow), refers to the cow-red hat color.
features
Macroscopic features
The firm and fleshy hat is 3–7 (–10) cm wide, hemispherical when young, later flattened and blunt-hunched. The surface is dry and matt and has a warm red to copper brown color. It is covered with brown to brown-red, concentrically arranged, sparse scales. The brim of the hat, which has been rolled up for a long time, is very woolly and felty to shaggy and bearded and protrudes a little over the lamellae . The rather crowded lamellae are bulging on the handle and run down with a tooth. Young lamellae are whitish-cream-colored, then get brownish-red spots and are finally brownish with age. The lamellar edges are slightly wavy and the spore powder white and show no color reaction ( inamyloid ) on contact with iodine solution . The cylindrical stem is 3–10 cm long, 1–2 cm wide and soon becomes hollow. It is covered with brown fiber flakes and is brownish to brownish-red in color at the slightly thickened base. It becomes lighter towards the almost whitish tip. A ring zone is not visible, but young fruiting bodies have a cortina that extends to the edge of the hat. The thin meat ( trama ) is whitish, reddened a little when cut and then turns brown. It smells slightly pleasant to earthy and tastes bitter and pungent.
Microscopic features
The inamyloid, round-oval to broad-elliptical, smooth spores measure 5–8 × 4.5–5.5 µm wide.
Species delimitation
The bearded knight has a combination of features that make it easy to identify in the field. The knight grows under spruce trees and has a bulky, scaly, dry, brown-colored hat. There are other brown-capped knights, but they grow under other accompanying trees.
Older specimens in particular, which have lost some of their shaggy scales, can be confused with the fine- scaly knight ( T. imbricatum ) that grows on pines. The handle of the fine-scaled knight does not become hollow until it is old and is not so brittle. Another brown and dry-headed knight is the larch knight ( T. psammopus ), whose handle bears granule scales that turn the fingers brown when they are collected. This mushroom also tastes bitter and is inedible.
Ecology and diffusion
The knight often appears in groups or rows in the coniferous forest under spruce trees from August to November. It is rarely found in the deciduous forest. The fungus makes no special demands on the soil, but likes to grow on limestone soils. It is widespread throughout Europe and is a very common fungus, especially in southern Germany. It is rarer in the north.
meaning
The bearded knight is unsuitable for the kitchen because of its bitterness.
swell
- Paul Kirk: Tricholoma vaccinum. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved September 19, 2013 .
- Tricholoma vaccinum. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed September 19, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Karin Monday: Bearded knight Tricholoma vaccinum . Virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved September 19, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d e Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (= spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 74 .
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 68 .
- ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ^ Worldwide distribution of Tricholoma vaccinum. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013 ; Retrieved November 13, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 542.
- ^ Tricholoma vaccinum. Pilzoek database, accessed November 13, 2013 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Tricholoma vaccinum. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Retrieved November 13, 2013 .
Web links
- Bearded knight. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved September 19, 2013 (Italian, good photos of the bearded knight).
- Michael Kuo: Tricholoma vaccinum. In: MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved September 19, 2013 .