Larch knight

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Larch knight
2005-08-18 Tricholoma psammopus (Calchbr.) Quél 72221.jpg

Larch knightling ( Tricholoma psammopus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Knight relatives (Tricholomataceae)
Genre : Knightlings ( Tricholoma )
Type : Larch knight
Scientific name
Tricholoma psammopus
( Calchbr. ) Quél.

The larch knight or spongy knight ( Tricholoma psammopus ) is a leaf fungus from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae). The medium-sized knight has a uniform ocher-brown, fine-grained to fiber-scaly hat and almost odorless, bitter-tasting meat. The mycorrhizal fungus is usually found in mountain coniferous forests under larches. He prefers better, calcareous soils. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October. The inedible mushroom is widespread in Europe, but overall quite rare and is only a little more common in the Alpine countries.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–8 cm wide, initially arched, later spread out and often slightly hunched. It is cream-colored or brown-yellow to ocher-yellow in color. The surface is dry, initially more fine-grained, later finely flaky. The edge remains bent down for a long time.

The irregular lamellas are bulging on the stem. At first they are whitish, later they become straw-yellow and are rust-brown spotted with age. The spore powder is white.

The cylindrical stem is 4-8 (10) cm long and 0.7-1.5 cm wide. It is pale or similar in color to the hat and flaky-grainy. The tip of the stem is more or less whitish.

The whitish to pale yellowish-brownish meat tastes bitter and has an inconspicuous odor.

Microscopic features

The almost spherical to ellipsoidal spores with their clearly developed apiculus are 5.5–6.5 (–7.0) µm long and 4.0–5.5 µm wide. The significantly larger spores of the macrosporus variety measure an average of 7.6 µm × 6.0 µm. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) averages 1.2–1.3.

The mostly four-pore basidia measure 27–44 µm × 5.5–8.0 µm. They wear a buckle at their base . The lamellar edges are fertile, cystids are absent.

The hat cover layer (Pileipellis) is a cutis that shows partial transitions to a Trichoderm . It consists of cylindrical hyphae 3.0–6.0 µm wide. Occasionally one can find tufts of upright hyphae ends that are up to 12 µm wide. The brown pigments are partially bound to the membrane but also occur intracellularly. The cylindrical to club-shaped caulocystids are arranged in tufts. They measure 20–70 µm × 3.0–9.0 µm, and there are no buckles.

Species delimitation

Typical of the larch knight is the uniformly ocher brown, fine-grained to finely fiber-flaky hat and the almost odorless, bitter-tasting meat. The mostly larger and stronger fine-scaly knight ( Tricholoma imbricatum ), which is mostly found under pine trees, is similar . His hat, which is also brown, has a dry, ingrown, radial fibrous to pressed, finely flaky surface. The stem is longitudinally fibrous and has a light-colored tip, without a ring zone. The shaggy knight ( Tricholoma vaccinum ) that grows under spruce trees also has a certain similarity .

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the larch knight.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The fungus has been found in Asia (Japan) and Europe. It is widespread in Europe, but quite rare overall. Few individual finds are known from the Netherlands. In England and Scotland the fungus is very scattered, while it is very rare in Wales and Northern Ireland.

    The Etcomycorrhizapilz grows in mountain coniferous forests predominantly with larches. But it can also be associated with pines and, more rarely, with firs or spruces. Sometimes the fungus is also found in gardens and parks. In the Mediterranean area, the knight, who prefers limestone soils, is sometimes also associated with cypresses. In the lowlands, the larch knight is much rarer or absent entirely. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious from July to October.

    meaning

    The bitter-tasting larch knight is inedible.

    swell

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  158 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
    2. ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 , pp. 150 .
    3. ^ ME Noordeloos, Th. W. Kuyper, EC Vellinga: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica . Taylor & Francis, 1999, ISBN 90-5410-493-7 , pp. 132 ( Google ).
    4. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Tricholoma psammopus. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
    5. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec, Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I . Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol. 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    6. ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Tricholoma psammopus. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Accessed August 27, 2015 .
    7. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Tricholoma psammopus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015 ; accessed on August 27, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    8. ↑ Jan Holec & Miroslav Beran: Red list of fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic. (PDF) In: wsl.ch. 2007, accessed August 27, 2015 .
    9. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 536.
    10. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
    11. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Tricholoma psammopus. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved August 27, 2015 .
    12. ↑ Tricholoma psammopus. Pilzoek database, accessed August 27, 2015 .
    13. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Tricholoma psammopus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved August 27, 2015 .

    Web links

    Commons : Tricholoma psammopus  - collection of images, videos and audio files
    • Tricholoma psammopus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved September 2, 2015 (Italian, photos dated n).
    • Roger Phillips: Tricholoma psammopus. In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, accessed September 2, 2015 .