Handley Page Jetstream
| Handley Page HP137 Jetstream | |
|---|---|
 BAe Jetstream 31 |
|
| Type: | Regional airliner |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
18th August 1967 |
| Commissioning: |
1969 |
| Production time: |
1969 to 1997 |
| Number of pieces: |
458 |
The Handley Page HP137 Jetstream is a small twin-engine turboprop aircraft for feeder and regional service.
history
Handley Page Jetstream
In order to maintain its independence despite limited financial resources, the British aircraft manufacturer Handley Page decided to take advantage of a supply gap and develop a small, fast aircraft for twelve to eighteen passengers.
The original design from 1965 was for a twelve-seat aircraft with six rows of seats and a central aisle. The pressurized fuselage with its round cross-section allowed far greater flight heights and thus higher speeds than conventional models. The streamlined design, which also included the elongated nose, caused a sensation. There was particular interest in the aircraft in the United States , so the first order of twenty was placed before development was complete.
A new plant was built at Radlett Airport for final assembly , although many components such as the wings came from suppliers. The original design was for French Turboméca Astazou XIV engines. The first flight took place on August 18, 1967 under the model name Handley Page Jetstream 1 . During the test program, however, the engines proved to be too weak.
In order to improve the marketing possibilities in the USA, the fifth prototype was equipped with American Garrett AiResearch TPE331 engines. Then the US Air Force ordered eleven machines under the designation C-10A or Jetstream 3M , which had an additional loading hatch. Due to the delivery delay, the order was canceled in October 1969.
The original production model Jetstream 1 first flew on December 6, 1968, and a further 36 units were built the following year. The model was then equipped with the improved Astazou XVI engine and delivered as the Jetstream 2 from the end of 1969 . The delivery delays and problems with the drive system pushed development costs to over £ 13 million - far more than the three million originally planned. Before Handley Page went bankrupt, only three Jetstream 2s could be completed. Production was interrupted until 1970.
A group of investors then decided to have the aircraft produced by the newly founded company Jetstream Aircraft in cooperation with Scottish Aviation . Another ten units could be built under the new name Jetstream 200 . Scottish Aviation later assumed sole responsibility. In February 1972 the Royal Air Force ordered twenty-six Jetstream 201s to be used as training aircraft. While this version was called the Jetstream T.1, the fourteen copies converted for the Royal Navy were given the new designation Jetstream T.2.
In Germany, a copy was used by Bavaria Fluggesellschaft (D-INAH), which crashed on March 6, 1970.
British Aerospace Jetstream 31/32
After Scottish Aviation went bankrupt and merged with British Aerospace in 1978, BAe decided to develop the model further. Similar to the older 3M version for the US Air Force, the aircraft received improved Garrett turboprop engines with higher performance and longer maintenance intervals. This enabled a variant for 18 passengers with three seats per row.
The result was the Jetstream 31 , which made its maiden flight on March 28, 1980 and was certified on June 29, 1982. The new version was actually as successful as Handley Page had originally hoped. Several hundred 31s were built in the eighties. Another version with improved propulsion flew for the first time in 1988 under the new designation Jetstream Super 31 or Jetstream 32 .
Production continued until 1993. A total of 386 copies were made of both versions. Four Jetstream 31s were delivered to the Royal Navy in 1985 as Jetstream T.3 radar training aircraft , but later used as VIP transport aircraft.
In 1993, British Aerospace adopted the Jetstream name as the brand name for all twin-engine turboprop aircraft. This included the Jetstream 41 , which was derived from its predecessors, as well as the BAe ATP / Jetstream 61 developed from the Avro 748 . The name Jetstream 61 was later abandoned.
British Aerospace Jetstream 41
The Jetstream 41 is the stretched version of the 31 model. The completely newly developed fuselage is 19.25 meters long and offers space for 29 passengers. In addition to improved Garrett engines, the model received a modern EFIS cockpit.
The first flight took place on September 25, 1991. Between 1991 and 1997, a total of 104 units were built and 100 of them were delivered to customers.
Other versions
- Riley Jetstream : a range of early Jetstream 1 models that were rebuilt by Riley Aircraft . These machines have two Astazou XVI engines.
- Jetstream 31 Airliner : feeder aircraft for 18 to 19 passengers.
- Jetstream 31 Corporate : business aircraft for 8 to 10 passengers.
- Jetstream 31EP : version with increased performance.
- Jetstream 31EZ : naval reconnaissance aircraft.
- Jetstream Executive Shuttle : business jet for 12 passengers.
- Jetstream 31 Special : general purpose transport aircraft.
- Jetstream QC (Quick Change)
Military use
- Royal Air Force : retired in 2003
- Royal Navy ;: retired 2011
Incidents
- On March 6, 1970, the only Handley Page HP-137 Jetstream 1 ( aircraft registration D-INAH ) of the airline Bavaria had an accident while approaching the Swiss airfield Samedan . The aircraft that took off in Munich-Riem suffered turbine damage on approach, causing the pilots to lose control. As a result, the machine crashed about three kilometers from the runway threshold. The two crew members and all nine passengers were killed in the accident. Bavaria founder Max Schwabe and his family were among the victims .
- On March 12, 1992, a Jetstream 31 operated by CCAir on behalf of USAir Express (N165PC) was flown two kilometers from McGhee Tyson Airport near Knoxville , Tennessee with its landing gear retracted. Both pilots, who were the only people on board, perished in the accident (see also flight accident of a Jetstream 31 of USAir Express 1992 ) .
- On December 1, 1993 a BAe 3101 Jetstream 31 of the Atlantic Coast Airlines, operated on behalf of United Express (N334PX) of Northwest Airlines, which was operated by its subsidiary Northwest Airlink , hit the airport Range Regional, Minnesota with very high Sink speed a good 5 kilometers before the airport. All 18 occupants on board were killed. The cause was found to be the collapse of coordination within the cockpit crew due to the very dominant, provocative and intimidating behavior of the captain (see also Northwest Airlink flight 5719 ) .
- On January 7, 1994, a crashed British Aerospace Jetstream 41 (N304UE) for a stall due to pilot error 1.9 km before the airport Port Columbus International , Ohio, from. There were five deaths; three passengers survived (see also United Express flight 6291 ) .
- On December 13, 1994, a Jetstream 32 operated by Flagship Airlines on behalf of American Eagle crashed near Morrisville, North Carolina . Previously, shortly before landing at Raleigh-Durham International Airport , the pilots had made an unnecessary missed approach because the flight captain had misinterpreted a flashing control lamp in the cockpit. 15 of the 20 people on board died in the accident (see also flagship airlines flight 3379 ) .
- On January 9, 2007, a BAe 3112 Jetstream 31 of Peace Air (C-FBIP) touched down about 100 meters from the runway when landing at Fort St. John Airport , Canada , and was irreparably damaged. Both crew members and the ten passengers survived.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Jetstream 31 data |
|---|---|
| crew | 2 |
| Passengers | 19th |
| length | 14.37 m |
| span | 15.85 m |
| height | 5.32 m |
| Takeoff mass | 6,950 kg |
| Cruising speed | 426 km / h |
| Top speed | 488 km / h |
| Service ceiling | 7,620 m (25,000 ft ) |
| Range | 1,260 km |
| Engines | two propeller turbines Garrett TPE331-10UG with 701 kW (953 PS) each |
See also
literature
- CH Barnes: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. Putnam, London 1976, ISBN 0-370-00030-7 .
- AJ Jackson: British Civil Aircraft Since 1919. Volume 2. (Second ed.), Putnam, London 1973, ISBN 0-370-10010-7 .
- John WR Taylor: Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77. Jane's Tearbooks, London 1976, ISBN 0-354-00538-3 .
Web links
- Type certification of the Jetstream 4100 series - EASA-TCDS-A.189 (PDF; 44 kB)
- Type certification of the Jetstream 3100/3200 series - EASA-TCDS-A.191 (PDF; 107 kB)
- Description on airliners.net (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rüstiger regional aircraft seeks new role , accessed on November 10, 2016
- ↑ rzjets.net (English), accessed on November 28, 2016.
- ^ Accident report HP-137 Jetstream D-INAH , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 27, 2019.
- ↑ Accident report Jetstream 31 N165PC , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 16, 2020.
- ↑ Accident report Jetstream 31 N334PX , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 24, 2016.
- ^ Accident report Jetstream 31 C-FBIP , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 24, 2016.