Handley Page Herald
| Handley Page Herald / Dart Herald | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Airliner |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
August 25, 1955 |
| Production time: |
until 1968 |
| Number of pieces: |
50 |
The Handley Page Herald was a twin-engine airliner made by the British manufacturer Handley Page . The turboprop version was named Dart Herald .
history
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In the mid-1950s, Handley Page developed a regional aircraft to replace the obsolete Douglas DC-3 . The HPR3 Herald was designed by the development office of Handley Page (Reading) Limited, formerly Miles Aircraft , and was based on the Miles Marathon .
As high-wing monoplane designed HPR3 received four Alvis Leonides Major - piston engines each with 650 kW and conventional three-blade propeller. Handley Page stuck to this drive even after the Vickers Viscount's Rolls-Royce-Dart turboprop engine had proven its superiority. Nevertheless, the Herald was considered to be quite progressive. The pressure-ventilated fuselage, which enabled great flight heights, could accommodate up to 44 passengers.
The prototype of the Herald completed its maiden flight on August 25, 1955. After Queensland Airlines , Australian National Airways and Lloyd Aereo Colombiano had withdrawn their orders, there was initially no series production.
To make the model competitive, design changes were made. The wings were redesigned so that two Rolls-Royce turboprops could be installed instead of the four original piston engines. An adjustable four-blade propeller was also new, and the fuselage was lengthened by half a meter. The first prototype of this model, known as the HPR7 Dart Herald Series 100 , with 47 passenger seats, flew for the first time on March 11, 1958, the second prototype on December 17, 1958. Series production began in 1959 and the first series machine started on October 30, 1959. The launch customer was British European Airways .
The subsequent changes led to a significant increase in development costs. The resulting sales price made the machine more expensive than the competing models Fokker F-27 and Avro 748 , which was justified by the superior flight characteristics. Only four machines of this new version could be sold.
In order to meet the demand for a larger capacity, a 1.09 m extended version Series 200 was created , which offered space for 56 passengers. The second prototype of the Series 100 was modified accordingly in early 1961, and series production began that same year. In January 1962 the first aircraft was delivered to Jersey Airlines . A total of 36 aircraft were built.
At the request of the Malaysian Air Force, the Series 400 was created , which was designed as a tactical transport aircraft and had a reinforced cabin floor and a side loading hatch. It had a capacity of up to 50 soldiers who were carried on seats that were installed backwards. 8 of these were then built.
At the same time Handley Page designed the Series 700 , which was enlarged to 60 seats and had more powerful Dart 532 engines, greater fuel capacity and a higher take-off weight. Despite orders on hand, this model was not built.
The fiftieth and final Herald - a Series 200 - was handed over to the Israeli Arkia Airlines in August 1968 . Production was then discontinued. Until the bankruptcy of the company on March 31, 1970, Handley Page focused on the more promising Jetstream .
The last flight of a Herald took place on April 9, 1999. The Channel Express Herald 401 with the registration number G-BEYF landed at their home airport Bournemouth-Hurn .
Versions
- HPR3 - four piston engines, 44 passenger seats
-
HPR7 - two turboprops
- Series 100 - 47 passenger seats; 4 copies
- Series 200 - extended fuselage, 56 seats; 36 copies
- Series 300 - planned version for the US market
- Series 400 - Military version of the Series 200 with side cargo door, can accommodate up to 50 soldiers; eight machines for the Malaysian Air Force
- Series 500 - planned more powerful version of the 400
- Series 600 - planned version with stretched hull, more powerful engines and 64 to 68 seats
- Series 700 - Series 600 with a shorter hull but greater range, 60 seats; ten orders, but no production
use
Civil users
The last passenger flights took place in 1985. A Series 400 was used as a cargo aircraft until 1999.
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Brazil
- Sadia Transportes Aéreos (later Transbrasil )
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Germany
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France
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Guatemala
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Israel
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Italy
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Jordan
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Canada
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Colombia
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Philippines
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Taiwan
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Switzerland
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United Kingdom
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Zaire
- MMM Aero Service
Military users
Incidents
From 1958 until the end of operations in 1999 there were 17 total losses of this type of aircraft. 168 people were killed. The first two crashes with machines of this type in March and April 1965 are noticeable, as they both occurred after a structural failure, the circumstances of which could never be fully clarified. Examples:
- On March 17, 1965, an Eastern Provincial Airways Handley HPR-7 Dart Herald 202 ( aircraft registration number CF-NAF ) broke at 11,500 feet while flying from Halifax Airport to JA Douglas McCurdy Sydney Airport in Sydney, Nova Scotia Height apart and fell into a forest, killing all eight occupants. The cause of the accident was found to be structural failure along the lower fuselage center line due to severe corrosion (see also Eastern Provincial Airways Flight 102 ) .
- On April 10, 1965, a Handley Page Herald broke 207 of Jordan's Alia (JY-ACQ) on a flight from Beirut Airport to Amman Marka 20 kilometers west-northwest of Damascus in the air and crashed into a mountain. All 54 inmates died. It is the most serious accident involving a Handley Page Herald (see also the accident involving a Handley Page Herald of the Alia near Damascus ) .
- On November 3, 1967, a Handley Page HPR-7 Herald 214 of the Brazilian Sadia Transportes Aéreos (PP-SDJ) was flown into a mountain 25 kilometers east of it on the approach to Curitiba Airport . In this CFIT ( Controlled flight into terrain ), 21 of the 25 occupants were killed. The cause was a faulty instrument landing approach.
- On February 24, 1969, a Handley Page Herald 201 of the Taiwanese Far Eastern Air Transport (FEAT) (B-2009) crashed on the flight from Kaohsiung to Taipei in a failed emergency landing near Tainan . All 32 passengers and the four crew members were killed (see also Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 104 ) .
- On November 4, 1970, an Itavia (I-TIVE) Herald 203 had an accident while landing on a training flight at Rome-Ciampino Airport when an engine failed. The two pilots, the only occupants of the machine, survived the accident. The badly damaged machine was shut down, used to obtain spare parts and finally scrapped in 1974.
Technical data (Dart Herald 200)
| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| crew | 2 |
| Passengers | 56 |
| length | 23.10 m |
| span | 28.90 m |
| height | 7.30 m |
| Wing area | 82.3 m² |
| Wing extension | 10.1 |
| Empty mass | 11,684 kg |
| Takeoff mass | 19,818 kg |
| Cruising speed | 445 km / h |
| Top speed | 495 km / h |
| Service ceiling | 9,050 m |
| Range | 1,760 km |
| Engines | two propeller turbines Rolls-Royce Dart Mk.527 with 1,570 kW (2,135 hp) each |
See also
- Types with comparable role, configuration and era
literature
- Wilfried Copenhagen : The great aircraft type book. Transpress, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-344-00162-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Air-Britain Aviation World, June 2017, p. 63.
- ↑ Accident statistics HPR.7 Herald , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 17, 2017.
- ↑ Accident report HP Herald CF-NAF , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on May 3, 2020.
- ^ Accident report HP Herald JY-ACQ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Accident report HP Herald PP-SDJ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 3, 2020.
- ^ Accident report HP Herald B-2009 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 7, 2020.
- ^ Accident report HP Herald I-TIVE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 23, 2016.