Fokker F-27
Fokker F-27 | |
---|---|
Fokker C-31A |
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Type: | 2-engine airliner |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
First flight: |
November 24, 1955 |
Commissioning: |
June 1958 |
Production time: |
1958 to 1986 |
Number of pieces: |
586 |
The Fokker F-27 Friendship is a propeller - airliner of the former Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker .
history
Development began in the 1950s to replace the Douglas DC-3 . The result was a shoulder - wing aircraft with two Rolls-Royce Dart engines and a pressurized cabin for initially 28 passengers. The first prototype flew on November 24, 1955. The second prototype was lengthened by about one meter in the front area, as the aircraft had proven to be tail-heavy in flight tests. The first production model, the F-27-100 , carried 44 passengers and was delivered to the first customer, the Irish Aer Lingus , in 1958 . The F-27-200 was created with a more powerful engine . The most famous model F-27-500 was given a 1.5 m longer fuselage and space for 52 passengers. It first flew in November 1967.
In 1956, Fokker signed a contract with the US company Fairchild to manufacture and sell the aircraft for the North American market. The first US- built Fairchild F-27 flew on April 12, 1958.
In the early 1980s, the Dutch manufacturer developed the Fokker 50, a successor to the F-27.
The third production machine, an aircraft from the F-27-100 series , is now on display in the Aviodrome Museum in Lelystad, Netherlands . The museum also owns parts of the prototype.
In February 2007, a decommissioned F-27 was sunk in the sea off Curaçao , the largest island in the former Netherlands Antilles , near the former fishing village of Westpunt. It serves as an artificial reef and is an attraction for divers.
Versions
- F-27-100 - first sold version of the aircraft with space for 44 passengers
- Fairchild F-27 - F-27-100 built under license by Fairchild with only 40 seats, but with an integrated passenger staircase in the stern as well as larger fuel tanks and nose radar
- F-27-200 - version with more powerful engines
- F-27-200-MAR - Unarmed maritime patrol
- F-27-200 Maritime Enforcer - Armed version of the - 200-MAR
- F-27-300M - "Troopship", transport machine for the Royal Netherlands Air Force
- F-27-300 - "Combiplane", civil version of the - 300M
- F-27-400 - "Combi", with a cargo door on the side
- F-27-400M - "C-31A Troopship", military version of the - 400 for the US Army
- FH-227 -Fairchild F-27 builtin several versions by Fairchild-Hiller with a fuselage that is 1.83 m longerand now 56 passenger seats and a larger cargo area with cargo door
- F-27-500 - after the FH-227 appeared, Fokker followed suit and built an F-27 with a fuselage that was 1.5 m longer and now 52 passenger seats
- F-27-500M - military version of the - 500
- F-27-500F - Version of the - 500 for the Australian market with modified door dimensions
- F-27-600 - cargo version of the - 200 with a large cargo door
- F-27-700 - 100 with a large cargo door
use
Buyers
The following airlines bought the Fokker F-27 as a new aircraft (incomplete):
- Aer Lingus
- Air Congo
- Air France
- Air Inter
- Airlines of NSW
- All Nippon Airways
- Ansett-ANA
- Aero Trasporti Italiani (ATI)
- Balair
- Braathens SAFE
- Burma Airways
- East African Airways
- East-West Airlines (Australia)
- Garuda Indonesia
- Iberia
- Indian Airlines
- Korean Airlines
- LTU (Air Transport Company)
- Luxair
- Maersk Air
- Malaysia Singapore Airlines
- NZNAC, New Zealand National Airways Corporation
- NLM (Nederlandse Luchtvaart Maatschappij)
- Nigeria Airways
- Pakistan International Airlines
- Philippine Airlines
- Quebecair
- Somali Airlines
- Sudan Airways
- THY (Turkish Airlines)
- Trans Australia Airlines
- Union of Burma Airways
operator
The following airlines or armed forces operate or operate the F-27:
- Aerocaribe (Mexico)
- Aerocenter Trafikflyg (Sweden)
- Air Algérie (Algeria)
- Air Executive Norway (Norway)
- Air Panama (Panama)
- Air Tanzania (Tanzania)
- Air UK (Great Britain)
- Air Zaire (Zaire)
- Amadeus Air (Austria)
- Argentine Air Force
- Aviaco (Spain)
- Bali Air (Indonesia)
- Belgian International Air Services (Belgium)
- Bolivian Air Force
- Busy Bee of Norway (Norway)
- CATA ( Argentina )
- Channel Express (UK)
- Condor Flugdienst (Germany)
- Cubana de Aviación (Cuba)
- DLT German airline company
- Farnair Switzerland (Switzerland)
- Finnish Air Force
- Ghanaian Air Force
- Indonesian Air Force
- Iranian Air Force
- Kenya Airways (Kenya)
- Lauda Air (Austria)
- Libyan Arab Airlines
- Líneas Aéreas del Estado (Argentina)
- Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano (Bolivia)
- LTU (Germany)
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines (Indonesia)
- Myanma Airways
- NEPC Airlines ( India )
- Nusantara Air Service (Indonesia)
- Pakistani Navy , six F-27-200MPA with the 27th Squadron in Mehran
- Philippine Air Force
- Ratioflug Luftfahrtunternehmen GmbH (Germany)
- Royal Thai Navy
- Saha Airlines (Iran)
- SAT flight (Germany)
- Scibe Airlift (Zaire)
- Senegambian Air Force
- SkyTeam Luftfahrtunternehmen GmbH (Germany)
- Swedair (Sweden)
- TAAG Angola Airlines ( Angola )
- Trans Europe (Spain)
- Union de Transports Aériens (France)
- VARIG (Brazil)
- WDL Aviation (Germany)
Incidents
From 1960 to March 2020, 177 Fokker F27s were destroyed, 165 of them in accidents. 88 of these incidents resulted in a total of 1,574 deaths. Examples:
- On January 25, 1970, an F-27-200 of Royal Nepal Airlines ( aircraft registration number 9N-AAR ) got into a severe thunderstorm with turbulence and heavy squalls after a flight from Kathmandu , Nepal during the final approach to Delhi-Palam airport . The pilots lost control of the plane; it crashed three kilometers east of the airport. One crew member was killed, all other 22 occupants survived.
- On September 23, 1961 a Fokker F-27-100 of the Türk Hava Yollari - THY (TC-TAY) was flown into a mountain 18 kilometers from the destination airport Ankara-Esenboğa . In this CFIT, controlled flight into terrain , 28 of the 29 occupants were killed, all 4 crew members and 24 passengers.
- On September 26, 1972, a Fokker F-27-600 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GFP) , which was taking off on a test flight from Jakarta-Kemayoran Airport, suddenly rolled to the right when taking off at a height of 30 meters and fell 90 meters next to it Runway into the area. There was only a three-person crew on board, who were killed in the accident.
- On September 7, 1974, a Fokker F-27-600 of Garuda Indonesia (PK-GFJ) , which had started on a domestic flight from Jakarta-Kemayoran , was flown into a building during a storm just before the Bandar Lampung airport . None of the 36 people on board survived.
- On August 19, 1980, a Burma Airways (XY-ADO) F-27-400 had an accident while landing at Mawlamyaing airport (formerly Moulmein) ( Myanmar ). All four crew members and 24 passengers survived.
- On July 20, 1981, a Fokker F-27-600RF Friendship of Somali Airlines (6O-SAY) on a flight from Mogadishu to Hargeisa got into extreme turbulence eight minutes after take-off, as a result of which it went into a flat spin, in which the structural Load limits have been exceeded. Part of the right wing broke off in midair, and the machine then fell to the ground. All 50 occupants died (see also Somali Airlines flight 40 )
- On April 20, 1985, an F27-100 (YN-BZF) bought by the Nicaraguan airline Aeronica had an accident on its transfer flight from Europe to Nicaragua about 280 kilometers west of Kulusuk Airport in Greenland. After refueling in Kulusuk, there were problems pumping the fuel from the additional tanks to the engines. Therefore, the crew decided to return to Kulusuk, but could not find the airfield due to bad weather. In the emergency landing in the snow near a radar station came from the five crew members of two killed (see also air accident of Aeronica in Greenland ) .
- On May 26, 1988, a Fokker F27-600 operated by Danish Star Air (registration number OY-APE ) crashed on approach about 1 km west of runway 09. During the instrument approach, the aircraft reared up sharply when the landing flaps were extended into the end position, with the cargo slipping backwards. The cargo plane was on its way from Billund Airport via Hanover to Nuremberg Airport . Both pilots were killed (see also the Star Air accident near Hanover in 1988 ) .
- On August 25, 1989, a Pakistan International Airlines (AP-BBF) F-27-200 disappeared on a flight from Gilgit to Islamabad with 54 occupants. The last radio message was received four minutes after take-off. The wreck of the machine has not yet been found; a crash in the Himalayas is considered likely.
- On February 12, 1990 there was an accident with a Fokker F-27-200 of the TAM Linhas Aéreas (PT-LCG) , in which three people died. A flight captain in training initiated the descent to Bauru Airport too late. The instructor flying on the flight requested that the approach be continued despite the excessively high altitude and the excessively high airspeed. When the flight captain was unsure, the instructor took over the controls. The plane touched down on the runway too late. During the subsequent go-around, the machine was accelerated too abruptly, which led to a misfire, the Fokker fell back to the ground and collided with a car. Two occupants of the car and the flight captain were killed, while 40 occupants of the plane survived the accident (see also the flight accident of the TAM Linhas Aéreas in Bauru 1990 ) .
- On February 24, 1990 on board a Fokker F-27-600 of the German FTG (D-AELB) the engine failed on both sides and the right engine was torn off the wing. The crew had previously practiced stalling in the landing configuration as part of a training flight, whereupon the engines reacted with overheating and vibrations. The subsequent emergency landing in a field near Bergisch Gladbach, about 12 kilometers north of the starting airport Cologne / Bonn , was successful and the two-man crew managed to get to safety, but the machine burned out and had to be written off.
- On July 17, 1997, an F-27-600 of the Indonesian Sempati Air Transport , rented by Trigana Air Service (PK-YPM) , crashed on the flight to Jakarta near the starting airport of Bandung about 12 kilometers after take-off. 28 people died and 22 survived.
- On June 16, 2004, an F-27-200 operated by Pakistan International Airlines (AP-AUR) rolled over the end of the 1,768 m long runway at Chitral Airport and was irreparably damaged. All 40 occupants survived the accident.
- On July 10, 2006, a Pakistan International Airlines (AP-BAL) F-27-200 crashed shortly after taking off from Multan . All 45 people on board were killed. Despite an engine failure, the captain had continued take-off during the take-off run; it came to a stall. The engine damage itself was caused by maintenance errors.
Technical specifications
Parameter | Data F-27-200 |
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crew | |
Passengers | |
length | 23.5 m |
span | 29.0 m |
height | |
Wing area | 70.00 m² |
Wing extension | 12 |
Empty mass | ? kg |
Max. Takeoff mass | 19,050 kg |
Max. Cruising speed | 483 km / h |
Top speed | |
Service ceiling | 9935 m |
Range | 1,468 km |
Engines | 2 × Rolls-Royce Dart -Mk528- Turboprops |
See also
Web links
- Fokker
- Type certification of the FOKKER F27 - EASA-TCDS-A.036 (accessed on May 14, 2016, PDF; 336 kB)
- Fokker F-27
- Fokker F-27
Individual evidence
- ↑ Accident statistics Fokker-F-27 Friendship , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 2, 2020.
- ^ Accident report F-27-200 9N-AAR , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 11, 2017.
- ^ Accident report F-27-100 TC-TAY , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 12, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F-27-600, PK-GFP , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F-27-600, PK-GFJ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ↑ accident report F-27-400 XY ADO , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 14 2020th
- ^ Accident report F-27-100 YN-BZF , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 27, 2016.
- ^ Accident report F-27 OY-APE, Aviation Safety Network , accessed on February 27, 2016 (English).
- ^ Accident report F-27-200 AP-BBF , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 13, 2018.
- ^ Accident report F-27-600 D-AELB , Aviation Safety Network, accessed on November 25, 2018 (English).
- ^ Accident report F-27-600 PK-YPM , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 2, 2020.
- ^ Accident report F-27-200 AP-AUR , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on June 10, 2017.
- ^ Accident report F-27-200 AP-BAL , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on June 10, 2017.