Garuda Indonesia
| Garuda Indonesia | |
|---|---|
|
|
.jpg)
|
|
| IATA code : | GA |
| ICAO code : | GIA |
| Call sign : | INDONESIA |
| Founding: | 1947 (as KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf) |
| Seat: |
Jakarta , Indonesia
|
| Turnstile : | |
| Home airport : | Jakarta |
| Company form: | Corporation |
| ISIN : | ID1000118300 |
| IATA prefix code : | 126 |
| Management: | Sahala Lumban Gaol (Chief Commissioner)
Fuad Rizal (Acting President Director and CEO) |
| Number of employees: | 7946 (2018) |
| Sales: | US $ 4.37 billion (2018) |
| Passenger volume: | 38.4 million (2018) |
| Alliance : | SkyTeam |
| Frequent Flyer Program : | GarudaMiles |
| Fleet size: | 142 (+ 11 orders) |
| Aims: | National and international |
| Website: | www.garuda-indonesia.com |
PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is Indonesia's national airline based in Jakarta and based at Soekarno-Hatta Airport . It is a member of the SkyTeam aviation alliance . It is named after the mythical bird man Garuda .
history
prehistory
After Indonesia's declaration of independence, the government of the country, with the help of donations from merchants from Aceh, procured a Douglas DC-3, which had been confiscated during the revolution, as a means of transport for the Indonesian leader. This aircraft was acquired by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines , which had taken over the fleet of the Royal Dutch-Indian Aviation Company ( Dutch : Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KNILM) ), which was liquidated during the uprisings in 1947 . The purchase price was 120,000 Malaysian dollars. The first flight was conducted on January 26, 1949. From then on, the company's name was Indonesian Airways . The first flight with the "Garuda Indonesian Airways" second machine PK-DPD took place on December 28, 1949. On March 31, 1950, Garuda Indonesia was officially founded as an airline with the participation of KLM.
After the establishment
In order to expand the fleet, Indonesia received financial support from Burma, today's Myanmar , during the founding phase . Soon another nineteen Douglas DC-3s and eight Consolidated Catalina seaplanes were procured. In September 1950 an additional eight Convair CV-240s were ordered. By 1953 the fleet grew to 46 aircraft with additional machines of the De Havilland DH.114 Heron type . In 1955 the Consolidated Catalina seaplanes were scrapped. A year later, the first pilgrimage flights were carried out for the largely Muslim population of Indonesia.
In the early 1960s, the inventory included eight Convair CV-240s, eight Convair CV-340s and three Convair CV-440s . To modernize the fleet, a Lockheed L-188 Electra was procured on January 14, 1961 .
Beginning of the jet age
The company's first jet aircraft was a Convair CV-990 , which was purchased in September 1963. The first flights to Amsterdam and Frankfurt were also carried out with this jet from September 28, 1963. In the same year, the partner KLM separated from the shares of Garuda Indonesia. From this point on, the airline belonged to the newly founded parent company Merpati Nusantara , in which the second state airline Merpati Nusantara Airlines was also settled.
With the purchase of three more Convair CV-990s, three Lockheed L-188 Electra and a Douglas DC-8 , the jet aircraft era had finally begun for Garuda Indonesia. From 1965 the route network was expanded considerably. From then on, Rome and Paris were served as further European destinations and new destinations in Asia, such as Beijing, Hong Kong and Phnom Penh, as well as Cairo in Africa were served. At the end of the decade, the first Douglas DC-9 and Fokker F-27 were procured. In the 1970s, a total of thirty-six Fokker F28s were delivered to Garuda Indonesia, making it the largest customer for this type of aircraft worldwide. In addition to these aircraft, other DC-9s strengthened the aircraft fleet. Towards the end of the decade the fleet was expanded to include three Douglas DC-10s .
modernization
When the older aircraft had to be replaced in the 1980s, it was decided to increase the seating capacity with wide-bodied aircraft. Garuda Indonesia ordered eight Airbus A300s and three Boeing 747s . As the company continued to expand, Boeing 737 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and other DC-10 machines were also purchased from the middle of the decade . Since then, depending on the number of passengers, various Boeing jets have been bought and sold again, some used. The only exception from the Boeing was the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar procured used at the end of the 1980s , which were sold again two years later.
crisis
In the course of the Asian crisis in 1997 and 1998, the Indonesian state and Garuda Indonesia lost a lot of capital. This was followed by various route reductions in the intercontinental area, only Amsterdam, Frankfurt and London were served. As a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the bomb attack on Bali on October 12, 2002 , the last two European connections had also become unprofitable and were closed. In 2001 Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines were separated from their common parent company and have been operating independently since then.
present
In Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia has been increasingly harassed by new low-cost airlines , above all the rapidly expanding Lion Air . That is why the Citilink division was founded , which initially flew with the Fokker F28 and Boeing 737-300 and has since been converted to the Airbus A320-200 . Citilink has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Garuda Indonesia since 2006.
Due to safety deficiencies in connection with inadequate government supervision, Garuda Indonesia, like all other Indonesian airlines, was added to the list of operating bans for the airspace of the European Union in June 2007 , so that all aircraft were banned from landing in the EU . Since then, talks have been held between the EU and Indonesia and the Indonesian government has taken measures to improve the situation. Garuda Indonesia is therefore no longer included on the list published in July 2009. The first European destination after the ban was lifted was Amsterdam .
As part of the fleet modernization, in 2009 Garuda Indonesia introduced not only new cabin equipment (initially in the new Airbus A330-200) but also a new corporate design that will be successively applied to the entire fleet. In May 2010, the airline of the British consulting firm was Skytrax as "The Most Improved World's Airline" (dt. About " The most improved global airline" ) awarded. Garuda Indonesia is also subjectively rated 5 out of 5 stars there.
On November 24, 2010 it was announced that Garuda Indonesia would join the SkyTeam aviation alliance during 2012 , and on March 5, 2014 the company became a full member of SkyTeam.
On June 15, 2015, Garuda Indonesia expressed an interest in purchasing 30 Airbus A350-900s and 30 Boeing 787-9s without placing firm orders.
On November 9, 2018, Garuda Indonesia announced the takeover of the airline Sriwijaya Air by the subsidiary Citilink.
As a result of the crashes of two Boeing 737 MAX 8s , Garuda Indonesia became the first airline worldwide to cancel an order for aircraft of this type on March 22, 2019. The 2014 order for 50 machines was valued at $ 4.9 billion. One machine had already been delivered, 49 should be canceled.
According to Skytrax , Garuda Indonesia is one of the ten 5-star airlines in the world alongside All Nippon Airways , Asiana Airlines , Cathay Pacific , Etihad Airways , Eva Air , Hainan Airlines , Lufthansa , Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines (as of December 2017).
Destinations
In addition to domestic destinations, Garuda Indonesia flies to destinations in the Middle and Far East , Australia and Europe. The only destinations in Europe are Amsterdam and London . Further domestic destinations are served by the subsidiary Citilink .
The company works closely with China Airlines , Korean Air , Malaysia Airlines and Silk Air .
fleet
Current fleet
As of April 2020, the Garuda Indonesia fleet consists of 142 aircraft with an average age of 7.9 years:
| Aircraft type | number | ordered | Remarks | Seats | Average age
(April 2020) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A330-200 | 7th | 222 (- / 36/186)
260 (- / 18/242) |
8.0 years | ||
| Airbus A330-300 | 17th | PK-GPF in Skyteam special livery | 251 (- / 36/215)
287 (- / 24/263) 360 (- / - / 360) |
11.4 years | |
| Airbus A330-900 | 3 | 11 | 301 (- / 24/277) | 0.5 years | |
| ATR 72-600 | 13 | 70 (- / - / 70) | 5.1 years | ||
| Boeing 737-800 | 73 | equipped with winglets ;
PK-GMH in Skyteam special livery; PK-GFM in "1960s" retro painting; PK-GFN in "1969" retro painting |
162 (- / 12/150)
174 (- / 12/162) |
8.5 years | |
| Boeing 737 MAX 8 | 1 | inactive; originally 50 ordered, 49 canceled | 170 (- / 8/162) | 2.4 years | |
| Boeing 777-300ER | 10 | PK-GII in Skyteam special livery | 314 (8/38/268)
393 (- / 26/367) |
5.7 years | |
| Bombardier CRJ1000 | 18th | PK-GRA in Skyteam special livery | 96 (- / - / 96) | 6.6 years | |
| total | 142 | 11 | 7.9 years |
To pilgrims to cope least Garuda Indonesia during the Hajj season often briefly a large number of aircraft from other companies. Additional aircraft are operated independently by the subsidiary Citilink .
Previously deployed aircraft
In the course of its existence, Garuda Indonesia a. a. also include the following aircraft types:
- Airbus A300
- Boeing 737-200
- Boeing 737-300
- Boeing 737-400
- Boeing 737-500
- Boeing 747-100
- Boeing 747-200
- Boeing 747-400
- Consolidated Catalina
- Convair CV-240
- Convair CV-340
- Convair CV-440 Metropolitan
- Convair CV-990
- De Havilland DH.114 Heron
- Douglas DC-3 / C-47
- Douglas DC-8
- Douglas DC-9
- Fokker F27
- Fokker F28
- Lockheed L-188 Electra
- McDonnell Douglas DC-10
- McDonnell Douglas MD-11
Incidents
Garuda Indonesia was involved in 47 accidents from its inception to December 2017, of which 29 were total losses. A total of 583 people died in 22 fatal accidents. Examples:
- On January 1, 1966, a Douglas DC-3 / C-47A-80-DL ( aircraft registration PK-GDE ) and a Douglas DC-3 / C-47A-25-DK ( PK-GDU ), both operated by Garuda Indonesia, collided in the air during the approach to Palembang Airport . Both aircraft crashed into a swamp, all 34 occupants of the two machines were killed.
- On May 28, 1968, a Convair CV-990 ( PK-GJA ) fell almost vertically to the ground about four and a half minutes after taking off from Bombay Airport . All 29 occupants, 14 crew members and 15 passengers, as well as one person on the ground were killed. It turned out that all four engines had failed because the machine in Bombay was accidentally misfueled with gasoline instead of kerosene (see also Garuda Indonesia flight 892 )
- On September 26, 1972, a Fokker F-27-600 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GFP) , which was taking off on a test flight from Jakarta-Kemayoran Airport, suddenly rolled to the right when taking off at a height of 30 meters and fell 90 meters next to it Runway into the area. There was only a three-person crew on board, who were killed in the accident.
- On September 7, 1974, a Fokker F-27-600 of Garuda Indonesia (PK-GFJ) , which had started on a domestic flight from Jakarta-Kemayoran , was flown into a building during a storm just before the Bandar Lampung airport . All 36 people on board were killed.
- On September 24, 1975 from grazed Jakarta coming Fokker F28-1000 Garuda Indonesia (PK-GVC) with the Christian name Makahem that just a traffic pattern for landing at the airport Palembang flew in fog with visibility of 50 meters, a coconut tree and crashed four kilometers from the airport. There were 61 people on board. The four-person crew, 21 of the 57 passengers and one person on the ground were killed.
- On March 6, 1979, a Fokker F28-1000 of Garuda Indonesia (PK-GVP) with the name Sambas had an accident on a domestic flight from Denpasar to Surabaya . The flight should take 30 minutes. After 22 minutes, the aircraft descended against the Bromo volcano at an altitude of around 1900 meters . Apart from the four crew members, there were no people on board and there were no survivors.
- On July 11, 1979, a Fokker F28-1000 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GVE) with the name Mamberano took off from Palembang for a domestic flight to Medan . The flight was supposed to take 80 minutes, there were 57 passengers and 4 crew members on board. The captain announced over the radio that he would maintain an altitude of 1,800 meters. A few minutes later, however, he flew the machine at an altitude of 1700 meters against the 2212 meter high Sibayak volcano . Nobody on board survived.
- On March 20, 1982, a Fokker F28-1000 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GVK) , which had started in Jakarta-Kemayoran , overran the runway by 700 meters when landing at Bandar Lampung Airport and went up in flames. All 27 people on board died. It had rained heavily during the landing.
- On June 2, 1983, a Fokker F28-3000RC from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GFV) with the name Selegan , which was to perform a domestic flight from Bandar Lampang to Jakarta-Kemayoran , barely gained any height after take-off and fell 138 meters behind the runway from. There were 57 passengers and 4 crew members on board. Three people died, including one passenger. It was assumed that the cause of the accident was that the checklists were not properly processed before take-off, so that the buoyancy aids were not activated.
- On April 4, 1987, a Douglas DC-9-32 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GNQ) collided with high-voltage lines while approaching Polonia Airport near Medan and crashed, killing 23 of the 45 people on board. It is believed that the aircraft due to wind shear has crashed (see Garuda Indonesia Flight 035 ) .
- On June 13, 1996, the captain of a McDonnell-Douglas DC-10-30 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GIE) at Fukuoka Airport broke off the take-off after an engine failure, although the aircraft had already taken off. The machine hit again, sped over the end of the runway, and burned out completely. Of the 275 inmates, 3 were killed. The torn off turbine blade that caused the engine failure should have been replaced after 6000 operating cycles, but was still in use after 6182 cycles (see also Garuda Indonesia flight 865 ) .
- On September 26, 1997, an Airbus A300-200 from Garuda Indonesia (PK-GAI) was flown into a forest on the flight from Jakarta to Medan shortly before landing. At the time of the accident, visibility was poor due to nearby bushfires. The causes were incorrect and contradicting instructions from the air traffic controller and the pilots being unclear about the position. All 234 occupants were killed in the crash (see also Garuda Indonesia flight 152 ) .
- On January 16, 2002, a Boeing 737-300 ( PK-GWA ) had to make an emergency landing in the Bengawan River on the island of Java about 23 kilometers from the destination Yogyakarta airport after a hail-induced flame blow in both engines . One crew member was killed in the crash landing and several people were injured (see also Garuda Indonesia flight 421 ) .
- On March 7, 2007, a Boeing 737-400 (PK-GZC) shot over the end of the runway at Yogyakarta Airport and went up in flames. There were 133 passengers and seven crew members on board, 21 occupants were killed (see also Garuda Indonesia flight 200 ) .
See also
Web links
- Web presence of Garuda Indonesia (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Annual Report 2018 , from garuda-indonesia.com, accessed February 3, 2020
- ↑ About Garuda Indonesia , on the homepage of Garuda Indonesia
- ↑ Airplanes and history of the airline on their homepage ( memento from October 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Der Spiegel - EU blacklisted all Indonesian airlines, June 28, 2007
- ↑ European Commission - List of air carriers that are prohibited from operating in the EU, July 17, 2009
- ↑ Garuda Indonesia 5-Star Airline Rating | SKYTRAX. In: SKYTRAX. Retrieved March 18, 2016 (UK English).
- ↑ nur-flug-tours.de - Garuda Indonesia becomes SkyTeam member, November 24, 2010 ( Memento from May 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ airliners.de - Garuda Indonesia now a member of the SkyTeam Alliance, March 6, 2014
- ↑ Airbus - Garuda Indonesia signs LOI for 30 A350 XWB, June 15, 2015 (English), accessed December 15, 2015
- ↑ Boeing - Boeing and Garuda Indonesia announce the airline's intention to purchase 30 787-9 and up to 30 737 MAX 8 aircraft, June 15, 2015, accessed December 15, 2015
- ↑ Garuda Indonesia Group Takes Over Sriwijaya Air Group, November 14, 2018
- ↑ Indonesia's carrier Garuda to call off order for 49 Boeing 737 Max 8 jets. Retrieved March 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Certified 5-Star Airline Ratings. In: airlinequality.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016 .
- ↑ garuda-indonesia.com - Routes , accessed on May 1, 2016
- ^ A b Garuda Indonesia Fleet Details and History. In: planespotters.net. April 23, 2020, accessed on April 23, 2020 .
- ↑ - Boeing: Garuda Indonesia announces order for 50 737 MAX 8s , accessed on June 26, 2016
- ↑ - SINGAPORE: Undisclosed customer signs for 14 A330neos (English), accessed on March 12, 2016
- ↑ Garuda Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia (English), accessed on September 27, 2017
- ^ Ulrich Klee, Frank Bucher et al .: jp airline-fleets international . Zurich Airport 1967 to 2007.
- ^ Ulrich Klee, Frank Bucher et al .: jp airline-fleets international . Sutton, UK, 2008-2013.
- ↑ Garuda accident statistics, Aviation Safety Network , accessed on January 14, 2018.
- ^ Accident report DC-3 PK-GDE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 14, 2018.
- ^ Accident report DC-3 PK-GDU , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 14, 2018.
- ^ Accident report CV-990 PK-GJA, Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 20, 2016.
- ^ Accident report F-27-600 PK-GFP , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GFJ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GVC , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GVP , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GVE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GVK , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report F28-1000 PK-GVE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ^ Accident report DC-9-30 PK-GNQ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 21, 2019.
- ↑ Accident report DC-10 PK-GIE Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 21, 2019.
- ^ Accident report A300 PK-GAI Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 20, 2016.
