Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
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Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis | ||||||||||||
Margalite |
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is a subspecies of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis , because of their various species of the genera Aedes , Culex , and Anopheles specifically toxic Bt toxins for biological pest control is used. The subspecies wasdiscovered and isolatedby the Israeli scientist Joel Margalit in 1976 during a systematic study of drying puddles in the Negev desert.
Contrary to initial expectations, the use of Bti also leads to a 50 percent reduction in non-stinging and therefore harmless mosquitoes. As a result, dragonfly larvae need different food - especially amphibian larvae, which survive without the use of Bti.
discovery
A WHO- supported project examined mosquitoes for the presence of pathogens or parasites in Israel from 1975 to 1976 . During this investigation, a new serotype H14 of B. thuringiensis was discovered that was more toxic to mosquito larvae and was later promoted to the subspecies israelensis . It has been used commercially in mosquito control since 1981 .
literature
- Leonard J. Goldberg, Joel Margalit: A bacterial spore demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity against Anopheles sergentii, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culex univittatus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. In: Mosquito News. Vol. 37, 1977, No. 3, pp. 355-358 (full text) .
- Aloysius Krieg: Bacillus thuringiensis, a microbial insecticide. Basics and application (= Acta phytomedica. Vol. 10). Parey, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-489-60826-7 .
Web links
- Bacillus in the knapsack. In: Der Spiegel , May 4, 1987.
Individual evidence
- ^ According to Goldberg and Margalit 1977 and Krieg 1986, because it kills the filtering larvae of mosquitoes and black flies (carriers of dangerous river blindness in the tropics).
- ↑ University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences: Development of a nature conservation-compliant concept for mosquito control on the Upper Rhine , April 30, 2019 [1]
- ↑ Achille Gbehou, Christophe Houssou, Li Yilian: Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (H-14) on Culex, Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Cotonou; Benin). In: Stem Cell. Vol. 1, 2010, pp. 60-68 (PDF) .
- ↑ Elizabeth W. Davidson: History of Insect Pathology. In: Fernando E. Vega, Harry K. Kaya (Eds.): Insect Pathology. Academic Press, 2012, ISBN 9780080926254 , pp. 13-28, here p. 21.