Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
Systematics
Class :	Bacilli
Order :	Bacillales
Family :	Bacillaceae
Genre :	Bacillus
Type :	Bacillus thuringiensis
Subspecies :	Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
Scientific name
	Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
	Margalite

An Ovitrap , a tool used to collect eggs from tiger mosquitoes . Here an Ovitrap as it is used to monitor the Asian tiger mosquito in the Swiss canton of Ticino . The presence of mosquitoes is determined by the eggs that they lay on the wooden board or by larvae that are hatched from the eggs in the laboratory. The brown granules are a Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis preparation that kills the mosquito larvae that hatch in the Ovitrap. Ovitraps are also used to monitor the yellow fever mosquito .

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is a subspecies of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis , because of their various species of the genera Aedes , Culex , and Anopheles specifically toxic Bt toxins for biological pest control is used. The subspecies wasdiscovered and isolatedby the Israeli scientist Joel Margalit in 1976 during a systematic study of drying puddles in the Negev desert.

Contrary to initial expectations, the use of Bti also leads to a 50 percent reduction in non-stinging and therefore harmless mosquitoes. As a result, dragonfly larvae need different food - especially amphibian larvae, which survive without the use of Bti.

discovery

A WHO- supported project examined mosquitoes for the presence of pathogens or parasites in Israel from 1975 to 1976 . During this investigation, a new serotype H14 of B. thuringiensis was discovered that was more toxic to mosquito larvae and was later promoted to the subspecies israelensis . It has been used commercially in mosquito control since 1981 .

literature

Leonard J. Goldberg, Joel Margalit: A bacterial spore demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity against Anopheles sergentii, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culex univittatus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. In: Mosquito News. Vol. 37, 1977, No. 3, pp. 355-358 (full text) .
Aloysius Krieg: Bacillus thuringiensis, a microbial insecticide. Basics and application (= Acta phytomedica. Vol. 10). Parey, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-489-60826-7 .

Web links

Bacillus in the knapsack. In: Der Spiegel , May 4, 1987.

Individual evidence

^ According to Goldberg and Margalit 1977 and Krieg 1986, because it kills the filtering larvae of mosquitoes and black flies (carriers of dangerous river blindness in the tropics).
↑ University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences: Development of a nature conservation-compliant concept for mosquito control on the Upper Rhine , April 30, 2019 [1]
↑ Achille Gbehou, Christophe Houssou, Li Yilian: Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (H-14) on Culex, Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Cotonou; Benin). In: Stem Cell. Vol. 1, 2010, pp. 60-68 (PDF) .
↑ Elizabeth W. Davidson: History of Insect Pathology. In: Fernando E. Vega, Harry K. Kaya (Eds.): Insect Pathology. Academic Press, 2012, ISBN 9780080926254 , pp. 13-28, here p. 21.

[1] According to Goldberg and Margalit 1977 and Krieg 1986, because it kills the filtering larvae of mosquitoes and black flies (carriers of dangerous river blindness in the tropics).

[2] University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences: Development of a nature conservation-compliant concept for mosquito control on the Upper Rhine , April 30, 2019 [1]

[3] Achille Gbehou, Christophe Houssou, Li Yilian: Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (H-14) on Culex, Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Cotonou; Benin). In: Stem Cell. Vol. 1, 2010, pp. 60-68 (PDF) .

[4] Elizabeth W. Davidson: History of Insect Pathology. In: Fernando E. Vega, Harry K. Kaya (Eds.): Insect Pathology. Academic Press, 2012, ISBN 9780080926254 , pp. 13-28, here p. 21.