Ballhaus

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In a ballroom in Paris, 1612
Interior view of the ball game house of the Neugebuilding in Vienna (2005)

Ballhaus (also ball game house ) is the name for a type of building that was mainly built on princely courts in the early modern era and in which Jeu de Paume , a forerunner of tennis , was played.

History and examples

The first ball houses were built in Italy in the late 15th century and were called Sala della Balla . In the 16th and 17th centuries the ball game spread to the European royal courts and universities. In German-speaking about was Ferdinand I in 1521 a ballroom in Vienna's Hofburg build for Archduke Ferdinand II. Was built on Schloss Ambras Innsbruck the ball game house, planned in 1567 by architect Giovanni Lucchese, and in 1572 the ball game house Rennweg in Innsbruck,

In 1579, under Duke Wilhelm V, a ballroom was built in the Munich Residence, and in 1593 the University of Tübingen built such a sports facility. There was also a ballroom in Berlin during the Thirty Years' War .

Shortly after the Peace of Westphalia, when the beginning of the Perpetual Reichstag became apparent in Regensburg and many ambassadors were drawn in, the city government had a ball and comedy house built on Aegidienplatz, the construction of which resulted in a decade-long dispute with the Teutonic Order and the Dominicans . They felt annoyed by the operation and complained about the violation of property rights at the imperial court. Only when the princely house of Thurn und Taxis rented the ballroom in 1760 did the orders collapse. The ballroom was expanded in 1783 for large theater performances, but only operated as a court theater and ballroom until 1786. In 1804 the Ballhaus was sold to Thurn und Taxis, only used as a coach house for carriages and carriages, demolished in 1922 and replaced by a residential building for royal officials.

The Jeu de Paume in Versailles , after which the ballroom oath of 1789 was named, was created in 1686, while the Jeu de Paume in the Jardin des Tuileries in Paris was not until Napoléon III. was built in 1861.

When the ball game fashion declined, the ball houses were often converted into theaters , as they were well suited for this due to their spacious cuboid shape. Well-known examples are the first opera house north of the Alps in Innsbruck ( redesigned in 1629 by the architect Christoph Gumpp the Younger ), the old Burgtheater in Vienna, the Ekhof-Theater in Gothaer Schloss Friedenstein , the Ballhof in Hanover and the Prince-Bishop's Opera House in Passau. The remains of the ballroom in which the emperor and his court played can be found in the Neugebuilding in Vienna. The opera house on Taschenberg in Dresden was built on the site of the ball house designed by Paul Buchner in 1597 , and in 1707 plans were made to rededicate the current opera house into a ball house.

Cultural word meaning

In addition to its original meaning, the term “ballroom” was used again and again as a designation for dance halls, dance halls and discos from the 19th century (see ballroom ). The ballroom in Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel, for example, was never a sports facility - it was built as a court theater and later converted into a dance hall. Just like the Ballhaus Felsenkeller in Höxter - it was later used as a disco. The former electoral ballroom in Bonn-Bad Godesberg, the so-called Redoute , is still used today for cultural events .

See also

literature

  • Franz Begov: Those who do their best to practice well will love sleep. Images and texts on the history of physical exercise, games and sports. Self-published, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-023446-0 .
  • Wolfgang Behringer : Fugger as a sporting goods retailer. On the way to a sports history of the early modern era. In: Wolfgang EJ Weber , Regina Dauser et al. (Ed.): Fascinating early modern times. Empire, Peace, Culture and Communication 1500 - 1800. Festschrift for Johannes Burkhardt on his 65th birthday. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-004469-9 , pp. 115-134.
  • Wolfgang Behringer: Arena and Pall Mall: Sport in the Early Modern Period. In: German History. 27, 2009, ISSN  0266-3554 , pp. 331-357.
  • Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (ed.): Moved life. Body Techniques in the Early Modern Age. Harrassowitz in Komm., Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-447-05794-3 , ( exhibition catalog of the Herzog August Bibliothek 89), (exhibition of the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, in the Augusteerhalle, in the cabinet, in the globe cabinet and painter's book room from 29. June to November 16, 2008), (ball games, fencing, riding, dancing, gymnastics, swimming), content (PDF; 90 kB) .
  • Mario Todte: Fencing, riding and dance master at the University of Leipzig. Bernstadt ad Eigen 2016 (Studies on Culture and History; Vol. 1, edited by Lars-Arne Dannenberg and Matthias Donath ). [Ballmeister pp. 149-160] ISBN 978-3-944104-12-6
  • Bettina Vaupel: Herzog advantage !. The forgotten history of the ballrooms . In: Monuments , Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 66–73.
  • Silke Schöttle: men of the world. Exercise and language master at the Collegium Illustre and the University of Tübingen 1594–1819. Stuttgart 2016 (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Series B: Research, Volume 209). ISBN 978-3-17-031383-5

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uibk.ac.at/aia/luchese_giovanni.htm
  2. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg art, culture and everyday history . MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 331-333 .
  3. ^ Hubert Ermisch : The old archive building on the Taschenberge in Dresden. A souvenir sheet , pp. 5 and 16. Wilhelm Baensch Verlagbuchhandlung, Dresden 1888.