Banking house ZH Gumpel

The bank ZH Gumpel in Hannover was in the 18th century in the rural region based trading company and later as a private bank owned family business that has a significant role in the development of Lower Saxony Kali - industry occupied and during the persecution of the Jews at the time of the so-called " Third Reich “ Was liquidated .

history

The company was originally founded in 1796 as a rural Lindhorster trading company in what was then the county of Schaumburg-Lippe . It was only later - under the management of Zadek Hirsch Gumpel - that the business purpose of the company, named ZH Gumpel from 1820 , expanded to include the sale of textile goods and the trade in grain and wood. Under the wood and grain merchant Gustav Gumpel the Elder (1829–1889) and his wife Emilie , née Franck (1837–1911), their sons were born in Lindhorst; Hermann (1862–1937) Max (1863–1913) and Julius Gumpel (1865–1942).

The three brothers and grandsons of the company that gave its name to the company became shareholders on various dates during the founding period of the German Empire and in 1889 - the year their father died - owners of the family business . Around five years later, they moved it to Hanover in 1894, where they quickly expanded it into a modern bank, which from 1899 operated in its own business building as Bankhaus ZH Gumpel on Schillerstrasse .

The bank was mainly active in the potash industry and there especially in the Hanover region . While initially stakes in drilling companies were still part of the business area, the bank soon got involved in the establishment or takeover of existing potash mines , for example

• 1906 at the Siegfried-Giesen potash plant ,
• 1909 at the Rössing-Barnten potash plant ,
• 1918 in the salt mine Asse and
• 1921 at Heldburg AG .

In addition, ZH Gumpel became active in the electrical industry and in real estate business.

At the time of the Weimar Republic and after the German hyperinflation , Gumpel took over the banking house Ephraim Meyer & Sohn, also based in Hanover, in 1925 . In the course of the ever stronger formation of cartels in the potash industry, the potash plants combined in the so-called "Gumpel group " were sold to the Burbach potash group in 1926 .

Now, under the leadership of Hermann Gumpel, the ZH Gumpel bank became increasingly involved in the surrounding asphalt and cement industry near Hanover . Julius Gumpel left the previously jointly managed private bank and instead took over the management of the Ephraim Meyer & Sohn bank.

After the seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933, the first persecution and disenfranchisement of both “ Jewish banks” and their owners by the SS in August of the same year , the ZH Gumpel bank was opened in the year of the so-called “ Reichskristallnacht ” in 1938 and in the course of the intended “ Aryanization “Liquidated. But the Gumpel family was to face far worse.

The former building of the Gumpel bank at Schlägerstrasse 55 became the headquarters of the Gestapo in Hanover. After it was completely destroyed by aerial bombs during the air raids on Hanover in October 1943 , a church was built in its place under the new house number 5 after the war.

literature

• Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany , part 3: The potash and rock salt industry (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum , No. 18), ed. from the German Mining Museum , Bochum, Bochum: German Mining Museum, 1980, ISBN 3-921533-16-3 , passim
• Ingo Köhler : Keyword Gumpel. In: The "Aryanization" of private banks in the Third Reich. Repression, elimination and the question of reparation (= series of publications on the journal for corporate history , vol. 14), also dissertation 203 at the University of Bochum, Munich: Beck, 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-53200-9 , passim; mostly online via Google books
• Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Potash economy / potash industry. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 334.

See also

• History of the Jews in Hanover

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Peter Schulze : Bankhaus ZH Gumpel. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 48; online through google books
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Werner Röder , Herbert A. Strauss , Dieter Marc Schneider, Louise Forsyth, Jan Foitzik et al. : Gumpel. In: Biographisches Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration nach 1933 (= International biographical dictionary of Central European émigrés 1933 - 1945 ), ed. from the Institute for Contemporary History, Munich, and from the Research Foundation for Jewish Immigration, Inc., New York, Vol. 1: Politics, Economy, Public Life , Munich: Saur, 1980, ISBN 0-89664-101-5 , p 253f .; online through google books
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Peter Schulze: Gumpel, (1) Hermann. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 141 online via Google books
4. ↑ ^{a b} Ingo Köhler: Keyword Gumpel In: Die "Arisierung" ... , p. 118
5. ↑ Janet von Stillfried : Terror against "enemies" - Gestapo Hannover , in this: The Sachsenross under the swastika. Travel guide through Hanover and the surrounding area 1933-1945 , MatrixMedia-Verlag, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-932313-85-1 , pp. 206-209; here: p. 206f.