Holy Trinity Basilica (Chełmża)
The Basilica of the Holy Trinity ( Polish Bazylika Trójcy Świętej ) is a Roman Catholic church in Chełmża (Eng .: Kulmsee) in the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . The cathedral of the former bishopric of Kulm and today's co- cathedral of the diocese of Toruń has the rank of minor basilica . The Gothic church dates from the 14th century.
history
In the area of the Teutonic Order , Christian von Prussia founded with the approval of Pope Honorius III. 1222 the bishopric of Kulm in what was then Culmsee. On July 22nd, 1251, Bishop Heidenreich began building the cathedral, which lasted until the end of the 14th century. The mystic Jutta von Sangerhausen was buried in the church as early as 1260, and in 1275 the mass was moved to the main altar. The east gable of the choir was built around 1291. During the construction, the cathedral was destroyed twice by Prussian invasions (1267 and 1286), and in 1422 the church burned down as a result of the Lithuanian-Tatar invasions, when new vaults were built. One of the most important later construction works was the elevation of the tower on the north facade with a baroque helmet as a conclusion in 1692. In 1821 the church lost its function as a cathedral when the bishopric was moved to Pelplin . In the second half of the 19th century, the Gothic cloister adjoining the church and the buildings of the chapter were demolished. In 1906 the original Gothic west portal was replaced by a neo-Gothic porch. A fire in 1950 destroyed the roofs, part of the vaults of the main nave and the spire. When it was rebuilt between 1968 and 1971, the church was given its original appearance. The church was elevated to a minor basilica in 1982 by Pope John Paul II . After the creation of the Diocese of Toruń in 1992, the Trinity Basilica was given the function of a co-cathedral in 1994.
description
The church is located above the lake shore of the Kulmsee . It is a three-aisled , Gothic hall church with a transept and two towers in the west, of which only the northern one was built in full height. The aisles are half as wide as the main nave. Its brick Gothic architecture combines elements of the typical cathedral construction such as the transept, the two-tower facade and the towers on the transept, with shapes that are characteristic of the region and the respective bishops. The building was influenced by the main church of the Teutonic Order , the Elisabeth Church in Marburg , but also by the neighboring Augustinian monastery and the mendicant orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans, so the rectangular choir has no access. An oculus in the west facade comes from Italian architecture. From the outside, the eastern gable of the choir is particularly richly designed. The interior is spacious, divided by octagonal pillars that support the star vaults . The church furnishings come from different stylistic epochs from the Gothic to the modern. The most impressive of the eleven altars is the carved Baroque main altar from 1650 with a height of 17 meters by Giovanni Battista Gisleni . The renaissance pulpit dates from 1604. The cathedral is also equipped with numerous statues and epitaphs .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bazylika Konkatedralna Trójcy Świętej on gcatholic.org
- ↑ a b Co-Cathedral of The Holy Trinity (Polish)
- ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preußen , Gotha 1858, p. 111 ff.
- ↑ Chełmża / Kulmsee
- ↑ Chełmża - Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (English)
Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ′ 11 " N , 18 ° 36 ′ 50.4" E