Chełmża
| Chełmża | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Toruński | ||
| Area : | 7.83 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 11 ' N , 18 ° 37' E | ||
| Height : | 92 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 14,503 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 87-140 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 56 | ||
| License plate : | CTR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Gdansk - Toruń | ||
| Rail route : | Toruń – Grudziądz | ||
| Chełmża – Bydgoszcz | |||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 7.83 km² | ||
| Residents: | 14,503 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 1852 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0415011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2006) | |||
| Mayor : | Jerzy Czerwiński | ||
| Address: | ul. Gen. Hallera 2 87-140 Chełmża |
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| Website : | www.chelmza.pl | ||
Chełmża ([ ˈxɛwmʒa ], German until 1940 Culmsee , 19th century & 1940–45 Kulmsee ) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland .
Geographical location
The small town is located in the historic Kulmerland landscape , east of the Vistula on a small lake, about forty kilometers east of Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) and twenty kilometers north of Toruń ( Thorn ).
The city of Chełmża is located on Jezioro Chełmżyńskie , a lake with an area of 2.7 km². This, formerly Culmsee , gave the city its name in 1251.
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history
The first fortifications existed in the area of today's Chełmża in the 13th century. Kulmsee was first mentioned in 1222 under Bishop Christian von Prussia , the name of the place at the time was Loza . In the possession of the bishops of Kulm since 1243, the place Culmsee received the town charter of Heidenreich , Bishop of Kulm and became the seat of its own diocese. On July 22nd, 1251, Bishop Heidenreich founded the Church of the Holy Trinity (cathedral), which was built until 1400. (See also: Kulmsee Franciscan Monastery ). The mystic Jutta von Sangerhausen founded the St. Georgs Hospital in 1256. A city fire completely destroyed Kulmsee in 1286.
In 1625 the Franciscans (OFM) founded a monastery. In the 18th century, the city of Kulmsee lived from farming and brewing .
Through the first division of Poland , Kulmsee came to Prussia in 1772 . The importance of the city increased in 1781 with the transfer of the seat of the Kulm bishops from Löbau to Kulmsee, when in 1824 Pelplin became the seat of a bishop, Kulmsee lost its importance.
When a sugar factory was built in 1881, it soon shaped life in the city. In 1904 the factory burned down and was rebuilt into the largest European sugar factory. In 1882 the city was connected to the railroad . The population grew rapidly, a new suburb, the factory district emerged. The agricultural town of Kulmsee had become a town in which the factory workers made up the majority of the population. At the beginning of the 20th century, Kulmsee had a beautiful Catholic cathedral (built in 1251, renovated in 1422 after it was cremated by the Lithuanians ), a Protestant church, a synagogue and a district court. Most of the residents were Catholic and over 50 percent spoke Polish.
Until 1919 the city belonged to the district of Thorn in the administrative district of Marienwerder in the province of West Prussia .
After the First World War , Germany had to cede Kulmsee to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty in 1920 for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . In 1934, the Polish state government unilaterally terminated the minority protection treaty concluded in Versailles on June 28, 1919 between the Allied and Associated Main Powers and Poland . With the attack on Poland in 1939, the territory of the Polish Corridor was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law . Kulmsee belonged to the Thorn district of the Bromberg administrative district in the Reichsgau Gdansk-West Prussia until 1945 .
Towards the end of World War II , the Red Army captured the region in February 1945 and handed it over to the People's Republic of Poland . The German population was in the aftermath of Kulmsee sold .
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1773 | 359 | in 52 residential buildings |
| 1802 | 741 | |
| 1816 | 820 | including 274 Evangelicals, 490 Catholics and 56 Jews |
| 1821 | 862 | |
| 1831 | 1,185 | mostly Catholics |
| 1852 | 1.997 | |
| 1864 | 2,378 | including 800 Protestants and 1,321 Catholics |
| 1871 | 2.986 | of which 950 Protestants and 1,600 Catholics (1,560 Poles ) |
| 1875 | 3,153 | |
| 1880 | 3,429 | |
| 1890 | 6.327 | thereof 4,165 Catholics, 1,890 Evangelicals, 269 Jews (1,800 Poles) |
| 1895 | 7,579 | including 2,073 Evangelicals and 279 Israelites |
| 1900 | 8,987 | including 2,164 Evangelicals and 327 Jews |
| 1905 | 10,007 | |
| 1910 | 10,612 | |
| 1943 | 12,277 |
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 15,229 |
Attractions
- Gothic cathedral with baroque tower, laid out in 1251, renovated in 1422
- St. Nicholas Church, Protestant town church until 1945
- Water tower (listed) from 1900/01
traffic
The Chełmża station is located at the intersection of the Toruń – Malbork railway with the east of Chełmża's disused Brodnica – Bydgoszcz railway . The Culmsee – Melno small railway also began here in the past .
The National Road 91 bypasses Chełmża west.
The rural municipality of Chełmża
The rural municipality of Chełmża, to which the city itself does not belong, has an area of 178.7 km², on which 9818 people live (as of June 30, 2019).
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Lothar Treuge (1877–1920), poet
- Kurt Vespermann (1887–1957), actor
- Amalie Loewenberg (1889 – after 1942), German teacher
- Kurt Hellwig (1890–1966), German politician (DNVP)
- Eberhard Thunert (1899–1964), German lieutenant general in World War II
- Gerhard Goldbaum (1903–1944), German sound engineer
- Gisela Wenz-Hartmann (1904–1979), German writer
- Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski (1913–1945), Catholic priest and blessed
- Andrzej Mierzejewski (* 1960), Polish cyclist
- Michał Kwiatkowski (* 1990), Polish cyclist
Other personalities associated with the city
- Jutta von Sangerhausen (1200–1260), benefactress and saint
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 35–36, no. 3.).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 438–439, no. 50.
- Georg Maximilian Franz von Steinmann: The district of Thorn. Statistical description . Thorn 1866, pp. 260-261.
- H. Maercker: History of the rural villages and the three smaller towns of the Thorn district in its earlier extent before the branch of the Briesen district in 1888 . Danzig 1899-1900, pp. 133-251.
Web links
- Restoration around 1884 , in the Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 39, September 27, 1884, p. 401.
- City website (Polish)
- Rural Municipality Website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ A b E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 208-209, no. 121 .
- ↑ a b c d Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, pp. 786–787.
- ^ Preussische Regesten Prussische Regesten: Ann. Thor. Chron.terre Pruss. Ds.r.Pr. III 59, 468
- ↑ a b August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 438–439, no. 50.
- ^ Language map of Posen and West Prussia In: Supplementary volume in 62 map pages to the earlier editions of Andrees Handatlas . Velhagen Klasing, Bielefeld 1922, p. 11.
- ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 314–315, item 349.
- ↑ http://www.westpreussen.de/cms/ct/ortsverzeichnis/details.php?ID=3729
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 51-52, item 6.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dan_thorn.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon . 14th edition, Volume 4, Berlin and Vienna 1898, p. 625.
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM", as of June 30, 2007 ( Memento of February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Object of Cultural Heritage inscribed in registry of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, no A / 1329. (PDF; 468 kB) Retrieved on February 6, 2018 (Polish).