Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

The Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (" Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology ") is the standard work in the field of taxonomy of bacteria based on their characteristic properties. It emerged from the numerous editions of the Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, first published in 1923, and has now been published in its second edition.

Both works are of great international importance and are considered reference works for the identification, naming and classification of bacteria .

prehistory

At the instigation of the Society of American Bacteriologists (now the American Society for Microbiology ), the Manual of Determinative Bacteriology was published in 1923 under the direction of the doctor and bacteriologist David Hendricks Bergey . The associate editors were Francis C. Harrison, Robert S. Breed, Bernard W. Hammer, and Frank M. Huntoon. The second, third and fourth editions followed in 1925, 1930 and 1934, each with a slightly different editorial board, but still under the direction of Bergey.

In 1936, after lengthy negotiations, a foundation, the Bergey's Manual Trust, was established, into which the previous profits from the sale of the manual flowed and to which future profits were to be transferred. The copyright for the editions of the manual was also transferred to her. In 1939, 1948, 1957, 1974 and 1994 it published updated and expanded new editions. The first editions divided bacteria into strains , orders and families based on various structural and functional properties . From 1974, however, more and more an empirical way of determining it was followed.

In 1977 a shortened version of the eighth edition appeared under the title The Shorter Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , in which most of the detailed descriptions of species, detailed taxonomic comments, references to the etymology of the names and literature references were missing. In 1966 an Index Bergeyana (subtitle: An Annotated Alphabetic Listing of Names of the Taxa of the Bacteria ) and in 1981 a Supplement to Index Bergeyana was published.

concept

In order to be able to record the taxonomy of bacteria on a broader and more complete basis than in the Manual of Determinative Bacteriology alone , the Manual Trust began work in 1980 on a much more comprehensive work entitled Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. It was intended to serve as a material basis for the new editions of the identification manual, but also as an independent scientific work to create a more complete system of bacteria than was previously available. In the new work, the relationships between organisms have also been given greater consideration.

First edition

Work on the first edition, begun in 1980, was completed in 1982. The work was published in four volumes from 1984 to 1989 by Williams & Wilkins in Baltimore ; the chief editor was the biologist John G. Holt. Volume 1 dealt with gram-negative bacteria that were ascribed medical or industrial importance, volume 2 followed gram-positive bacteria with the exception of Actinomycetales . The third volume described the remaining gram-negative species - including archaebacteria and cyanobacteria - and finally the actinomycetales in the fourth volume.

• Volume 1: Gram-negative Bacteria of general, medical, or industrial importance. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1984, ISBN 0-683-04108-8 .
• Volume 2: Gram-positive Bacteria other than Actinomycetes. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1986, ISBN 0-683-07893-3 .
• Volume 3: Archaeobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and remaining Gram-negative Bacteria. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1989, ISBN 0-683-07908-5 .
• Volume 4: Actinomycetes. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1989, ISBN 0-683-09061-5 .

Second edition

For the second edition of the Manual of Systematic Bacteriology , many taxa were no longer classified based on phenotypic characteristics such as appearance or behavior, but based on the 16S rRNA , i.e. genetic differences.

• Volume 1: George M. Garrity (Ed.): The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria. Springer, New York 2001, ISBN 0-387-98771-1 ( Archaebacteria as well as deeply branching and phototropic bacteria, i.e. bacteria that change under the influence of light).
• Volume 2: George M. Garrity (Ed.): The Proteobacteria . 3 volumes, Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-95040-0 (Volume 1: Introductory essays. Volume 2: The Gammaproteobacteria . Volume 3: Other classes of Proteobacteria ).
• Volume 3: Paul De Vos et al. (Ed.): The Firmicutes . Springer, New York 2009, ISBN 0-387-95041-9 .
• Volume 4: Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): The Bacteroidetes , Spirochaetes , Tenericutes ( Mollicutes ), Acidobacteria , Fibrobacteres , Fusobacteria , Dictyoglomi , Gemmatimonadetes , Lentisphaerae , Verrucomicrobia , Chlamydiae , and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 0-387-95042-7 .
• Volume 5: Michael Goodfellow et al. (Ed.): The Actinobacteria . 2 volumes, Springer, New York 2012, ISBN 978-0-387-95043-3 . ( limited preview in Google Book search)

Web links

• History of Bergey's Manual
• Information on the publisher's website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Monika Krüger, Tassilo Seidler: General bacteriology. In: Anton Mayr (Ed.): Medical microbiology, infection and epidemic theory. 8th, revised edition, Enke, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-830-41060-3 , pp. 344-392, here p. 361 ( online ).
2. ↑ P. Tauro, KK Kapoor, KS Yadav: An Introduction to Microbiology. New Age, New Delhi 1986, ISBN 085-226-878-5 , p. 84 ( online ).
3. ^ Daniel V. Lim: Microbiology. Kendall Hunt, Dubuque (Iowa) 2002, ISBN 978-0-787-29203-4 , p. 361.
4. ^ Jill E. Clarridge: Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. In: Clinical Microbiology Reviews , Volume 17, 2004, Number 4, pp. 840-862 ( PMC 523561 (free full text)).