Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von Below

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Bernd (also Bernhard) Johann Carl Friedrich von Below (born July 10, 1762 in Klein Niendorf near Lübz ; † March 27, 1834 in Rostock ) was Colonel of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Fusilier Regiment and from 1808 to 1832 city ​​commander of Rostock.

origin

Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von Below was a member of the von Below noble family and was born in Klein Niendorf as the son of a manor owner . His parents were Theodor Wilhelm Reimer Erdmann von Below (born September 30, 1741, † April 20, 1770) and his wife Catharina Juliane von Pressentin . However, his father gambled away his belongings in one night and died in the same night. Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von Below was only seven years old at the time. His mother moved with his two little sisters into a preacher's widow's house, while Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich was handed over to the old Princess Ulrike in Schwerin Castle to look after.

Life

When he was 12 years old, he became Princess Ulrike's personal page. In 1779 he began his military service under Friedrich Franz I in the Gluer infantry regiment , was promoted to second lieutenant in 1782 and joined the body grenadier regiment in 1788. Here he held the rank of prime lieutenant. When his former regiment was converted to the Ducal Mecklenburg Fusilier Regiment No. 90, von Below returned here in 1789. The reason for the formation of the regiment was the assurance of the sovereign to the Dutch Prince Wilhelm V that he would hand over Mecklenburg troops. After the swearing-in ceremony in Rostock on July 12, 1788, the regiment was immediately set off for Holland. The commandant was General von Gluer, from December 1790 Colonel von Pressentin . Von Below served here as a staff captain. In the province of North Brabant , the regiment fought in the fortress ' s-Hertogenbosch and from 1794 in the fortress of Maastricht . On November 4, 1794, the allies surrendered to the French troops and the Mecklenburg regiment did not return to home soil until January 16, 1796 in Boizenburg , after being relocated to various Dutch fortresses . Arrived in Rostock on January 26th, the regiment was reduced to six companies, one of which von Below took over. In 1797, Hereditary Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Mecklenburg became head of the regiment , and the regiment was named Regiment Hereditary Prince . The regiment was deployed in October 1800 in the so-called “Rostock Butter War”, when despite the economic upswing, there was a series of unrest among Rostock craftsmen, triggered primarily by increases in food prices. There was looting and destruction. The regiment ensured the maintenance of public order. 1804, other sources speak of 1808, von Below became city commander in Rostock. The city had retained its military sovereignty since the Middle Ages and had a military command. In 1814 he was promoted to colonel. He was in office until 1832.

family

He married Sophie Margarethe Albertine von Graevenitz († 1811) in Rostock on January 2, 1797 . The couple had the following children:

  • Friederike Franziska (* October 27, 1797; † March 4, 1875) ⚭ 1836 Joachim Anton Friedrich von Quistorp (* April 30, 1792; † February 12, 1860)
  • Dorothea Eleonore Caroline Johanna Sophie (March 31, 1799 - April 30, 1856) ⚭ Karl von Sprewitz (December 4, 1794 - April 28, 1847)
  • Karoline Bernhardine Wilhelmine (born June 10, 1800 - † June 24, 1872)
  • Wilhelm Carl Georg (born November 3, 1801; † 1911) ⚭ 1834 Klara Florentine Auguste Küller (born September 24, 1812; † March 13, 1895)
  • Friedrich Julius Georg (7 May 1804 - 6 April 1805)
  • Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Hardowika (* July 4, 1805; † August 1805)
  • Theodora Luise Juliane (April 6, 1808 - August 20, 1808)
  • Theodor Ludwig Ferdinand Friedrich Carl (born October 11, 1809 - † February 7, 1888)

After the death of his first wife, he married Elisabeth Sophie von Blücher on June 22, 1817 in Rostock (* March 5, 1764; † June 28, 1857). The couple had a daughter:

  • Luisa Johanna Sophia Georgine (* October 15, 1818) ⚭ 1841 Ferdinand von Maltzahn (* October 24, 1806 † August 6, 1890), Baron of Wartenberg and Penzlin, son of Ferdinand von Maltzan

Honors

On January 19, 1829, Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von Below was given honorary citizenship of the Hanseatic City of Rostock on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his service in the military .

literature

  • Antje Krause; Karsten Schröder: In honor of a pleasant citizen ... , Small series of publications from the archive of the Hanseatic City of Rostock, Redieck & Schade, 2010 ISBN 978-3-942673-01-3

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Oskar Pusch : von Below, A German Sex from the Baltic Sea Region , Dortmund 1974, p. 154.
personal data
SURNAME Below, Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Below, Bernhard Johann Carl Friedrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mecklenburg colonel and city commander of Rostock
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1762
PLACE OF BIRTH Klein Niendorf
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 1834
Place of death Rostock