Berthold Oppenheim

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Berthold Oppenheim, around 1892

Berthold Oppenheim (born July 29, 1867 in Ivančice ; † 1942 in the Treblinka extermination camp ) was the first rabbi in Olomouc in Moravia from 1892 to 1939 . He was murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp in 1942.

Life

Berthold Oppenheim came from a religious family - his father Joachim Heinrich Oppenheim was a rabbi in Jemnice (South Moravia) from 1858 and in Thorn (Prussia) from 1868–1891 , his sister Ida Oppenheim (1864–1935) wrote novels and ghetto stories. Berthold Oppenheim studied Hebrew and Jewish Studies at various religious institutes and at secular universities in Berlin and Breslau .

Oppenheim came to Olomouc in 1892 from Miroslav (South Moravia), where there was a strong Jewish community and where Oppenheim worked as a rabbi in 1891/92. On November 1, 1892, he was inaugurated as the first rabbi of the Jewish community in Olomouc . In 1894 he initiated the construction of the synagogue, which was completed in 1897. When the Loštice rabbi Izrael Günzig moved to Antwerp in 1918 , Oppenheim also took over this post in the Loštice Jewish community .

Oppenheim was a founding member of the Moravian-Silesian Rabbis Association ( Svaz Moravsko-slezských rabínů ), which was founded in Přerov in 1906 and Oppenheim was elected its deputy chairman. He took part in numerous assemblies and meetings of the Jewish communities, for example in 1907 in Ostrava (then Moravian Ostrava ), where the social security of Jewish officials and dignitaries was to be regulated, and in 1908 he organized the conference of Moravian and Silesian rabbis in Olomouc, who also met opened to the public and increased interest in the Jewish communities. He also worked for the Chewra Kadischa funeral company and founded the Free Table Association, which supported impoverished Jewish students.

At the end of the 1920s, the Jewish community was the third largest in Moravia. In the 1930s, Oppenheim visited Palestine and toured the entire area.

Oppenheim remained a rabbi until 1939 and was replaced in this office by Ernst Reich (until 1942) in 1940 . In 1942 Oppenheim was arrested and deported on July 8, 1942 with the Transport AAo from Olmütz to Theresienstadt and on October 15, 1942 with the Transport Bv to Treblinka , where he was murdered in the same year.

Stumbling block

On 29./30. In October 2012, another 42 stumbling blocks were laid in Olomouc, including for Oppenheim and his wife in front of the previous building at 24 třída Svobody avenue (later demolished), where he lived until his arrest and deportation. The stumbling block bears the following text (here with a translation):

Stumbling block

ZDE BYDLEL
RABIN
BERTHOLD OPPENHEIM
NAR. 1867
DEPORTOVÁN 1942
DO TEREZÍNA
ZAVRAŽDĚN
V TREBLINCE

HERE LIVED
RABBI
Berthold Oppenheim
GEB. 1867
DEPORTED
TO THERESIENSTADT 1942
MURDERED
IN TREBLINKA

Essays

  • Berthold Oppenheim: History of the Jews in Olmütz . In: H. Gold (Ed.): The Jews and Jewish communities of Moravia in the past and present . A compilation. Jüdischer Buch- und Kunstverlag, Brno 1929, pp. 451–456.

source

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Vladimír Jorda: PhDr. Berthold Oppenheim . In: kehila-olomouc.cz , December 4, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2017 (Czech).
  2. ^ List of all transports to Theresienstadt . In: Database of Theresienstadt prisoners . Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b rabín Berthold Oppenheim . In: kehila-olomouc.cz . Retrieved August 23, 2017 (Czech).
  4. ↑ Olomouc klade druhou vlnu Stolpersteinů . In: Žurnál Online , October 29, 2012. Accessed August 23, 2017 (Czech).
personal data
SURNAME Oppenheim, Berthold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Moravian rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Ivančice
DATE OF DEATH 1942
Place of death Treblinka extermination camp