Bieżanów
Bieżanów is a former village on the road from the Krakow's Old Town to Wieliczka , in district XII Bieżanów-Prokocim in Krakow in Poland .
history
The place was first mentioned in 1212 as Besanouo , when the then already old village came to the Krakow cathedral chapter . The possessive name is derived from the personal name Bieżan (compare bieżeć - escape), the form with -rz- in place of -ż- was used in the 19th century.
Politically, the place was initially part of the Kingdom of Poland (from 1569 in the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania ), Krakow Voivodeship , Szczyrzyc District. In 1422 the Roman Catholic parish was established. In 1464 it was transferred from the Polish to Magdeburg law by Casimir IV Andreas . The hooves were created along the Serafa River. In 1636 the brick church was built, which still exists today.
During the first partition of Poland in 1772, Bieżanów became part of the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire (from 1804). After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a municipality in the judicial district of Wieliczka .
In 1856 the railway line between Kraków and Dębica was opened through Bieżanów (Bierzanów), the next year the branch line to Wieliczka followed, which noticeably changed the demographic character of the village. a. industrialization initiated. The village belonged to the Czecz de Lindenwald family from 1873 on, at that time it had around 220 houses with around 1,500 inhabitants, an elementary school, a distillery , a hut , gypsum and lime were mined. The church was rebuilt in the neo-Romanesque style in 1885–1886.
On December 6, 1914, the local hill called Kaim was attacked by Russian troops. The Austrians pushed back the attack and erected a memorial the next year.
After the end of World War I in 1918 and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , the village became part of Poland. In 1921 Bierzanów (the form Bieżanów was not introduced permanently until the next year) with the hamlet of Kaim had 2,467 inhabitants, mostly Polish (2,465) Roman Catholics (2,466). The place continued to develop. Some new factories were established. The Kolonia Bieżanów and a small market square were created.
The western part of Bieżanów on the border with Prokocim , with houses mainly along today's Bieżanowska Street and where the German occupiers built a large freight yard under the name Krakau Plaszow marshalling yard , was incorporated into Krakow in 1941, which was not until October 25th 1948 with retroactive validity from January 18, 1945 was confirmed by Polish administration. In the non-incorporated part of the village, the Julag III labor camp was founded by the Plaszow concentration camp . The Soviets liberated it on January 22, 1945.
A heating plant was built in the 1960s . The rest of Bieżanów was incorporated into Cracow on January 1, 1973. In the 1970s, the construction of prefabricated housing estates began, including Nowy Bieżanów (New Bieżanów) in the west, within the part that was incorporated in 1941. The old village attached in 1973 was colloquially called Stary Bieżanów (Old Bieżanów). In 1978 it was connected to the Krakow tram .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Tomasz Jurek (editor): Bieżanów ( Polish ) In: Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna . PAN . 2010-2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
- ↑ Kazimierz Rymut , Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch: Nazwy miejscowe Polski: historia, pochodzenie, zmiany . tape 1 : A-B . Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, Krakau 2004, p. 196 (Polish, rcin.org.pl ).
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Województwo krakowskie i Śląsk Cieszyński . Warszawa 1925, p. 39 [PDF: 50] (Polish, full text ).
literature
- Bieżanów wczoraj i dziś (Polish) [PDF]
Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ' N , 20 ° 1' E