Picture oak near Albertshausen
The picture oak near Albertshausen (also called Michaelseiche ) is a natural monument , about 500 meters southeast of Albertshausen , a district of Bad Kissingen , at about 300 meters above sea level . The English oak ( Quercus robur ) is framed by a hornbeam hedge and is located directly next to the motorway slip road from Bad Kissingen to the federal motorway 7 . It is owned by the city of Bad Kissingen. The German Tree Archive counts the oak among the trees of national importance (NBB), whereby the trunk circumference at a height of one meter serves as the most important selection criterion.
history
The oak was initially in the forest area. Around 1810, the forest department around the picture oak was cleared in order to gain an agricultural area . During the clearing work , the oak, which was already strong back then, was found and spared. From then on, the picture oak stood free in the open field . Today the forest area joins 300 meters south. The solitary tree served as a meeting point and orientation mark. The name picture oak goes back to a picture of Mary that the believing population attached to the tree. Over the years this figure is said to have been enclosed by bark and sapwood . Today there is no more to be seen.
In 1933, the economist Carl Steinbach from Bad Kissingen, who was the hunting tenant of Albertshausen at the time , had the figure of the Archangel Michael made by the sculptor Josef Kirchner from Hausen in 1933 and attached to the east side of the trunk at a height of about 2.5 meters.
A plaque on the trunk bears the inscription:
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Donated by Carl u. Amalie Steinbach Bad Kissingen 1933 Made by Josef Kirchner sculptor Bad Kissingen |
The statue was solemnly consecrated during a church procession . It was stolen many years ago and later found near Fulda . The figure is now in the St. Michael parish church in Albertshausen , a copy was attached to the oak. After the archangel was stolen, the name Michael Oak was used at times , but this did not prevail. A banner with the Latin inscription QUIS UT DEUS is attached to the angel figure . The name Michael comes from Hebrew and means who is like God ? , or Quis ut deus in Latin ? .
The founder had a plaque attached to the saint figure, which is no longer available today, with the following inscription:
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St. Michael May your banner be Germany's protection and ornament at all times |
Next to the figure of the saint is a plaque from 1985 with the following inscription:
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St. Michael pray for us 1985 |
The oak was placed under nature protection twice, in 1935 and 1987 . It is listed with the Lower Nature Conservation Authority of the Bad Kissingen district with the number 672-N / 027 and the designation Bildeiche . Since February 11, 1935, it has been designated a natural monument by ordinance under the Reich Nature Conservation Act (RNG) .
In the course of the construction of the federal motorway 7 from Bad Hersfeld to Würzburg from 1965 to 1968, the Albertshausen bypass road , which serves as the motorway feeder from Bad Kissingen, and an exit to the village were built right next to the oak . On March 2, 1987, the oak was designated a second time as a natural monument by ordinance under the Bavarian Nature Conservation Act (BayNatSchG). In June 2003 a strong side branch broke out. In November 2003, the Dill company checked the crown lock , shortened the crown slightly and removed the dead wood.
description
The trunk begins wide and massive at the bottom and tapers towards the top. It is completely hollow and has a narrow opening about 2.5 meters high to the north. The rotten and fungus-infested wood in the trunk was removed during a tree care measure. Then the trunk was changed , the rest smoothed and the surface treated with fungicides. The opening was then closed with a close-meshed wire mesh. The bark is furrowed up to ten centimeters deep and protrudes like a board. The unusually deep grooves in the bark pull up to the tip of the crown, as can only be seen in very few oaks. This is considered a sign of old age. The trunk is free of knots up to a height of about six meters. The lowest branches have broken off; the crown therefore appears asymmetrical in the lower part. It currently has a diameter of about 19 meters and a height of 24 meters. The vitality of the oak is good.
In 1990 the trunk had a height of 24 meters and a crown diameter of 20 meters at a height of 1.3 meters and a circumference of 7.35 meters. In 2001 the circumference of the trunk at the point of its smallest diameter (waist) was 6.97 meters and in 2008 at a height of 7.96 meters. Currently the trunk has a circumference of 1.3 meters, the so-called breast height diameter (BHD), a circumference of 7.80 meters. The oak is one of the strongest in Bavaria . Measurements in 2011 at the point of the smallest circumference, at a height of about 2.5 meters, resulted in 7.00 meters. In 1991 it was 6.66 meters in the same place. An increase in circumference of 34 centimeters in 20 years results in 1.7 centimeters per year. This corresponds roughly to the average of most of this species of comparable size, whose annual increase in circumference is around 1.8 to 2 centimeters.
The age of the oak is given differently in the literature. The Lower Nature Conservation Authority estimates it to be around 380 years. The forest scientist Hans Joachim Fröhlich assumed an age of 700 to 800 years in 1990. In 2009, the German Tree Archives stated 350 to 600 years. Measurements over the past 20 years have shown an annual increase in circumference of around two centimeters, which indicates an age of around 350 to 400 years, provided that the oak did not grow more slowly in its youth due to unfavorable conditions than in the previous 20 years.
See also
- List of the thickest oak trees in Germany
- List of natural monuments in the Bad Kissingen district
- List of the thickest trees in the Rhön
- List of prominent and old tree specimens
literature
- Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 .
- Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 .
- Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Volume 2, Bavaria . In: Paths to old trees . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1990, ISBN 3-926181-09-5 .
- Bad Kissingen district - picture oak . In: Lower nature conservation authority (ed.): List of natural monuments in Bavaria . Bad Kissingen May 2, 1987 (continuously updated).
Web links
- Picture oak in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
- German tree archive
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archive . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 267 .
- ↑ Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 , p. 102 .
- ↑ a b Bad Kissingen district - picture oak . In: Lower nature conservation authority (ed.): List of natural monuments in Bavaria . Bad Kissingen May 2, 1987 (continuously updated).
- ↑ Official Gazette of May 2, 1987, serial no. No. 212, pp. 5-6.
- ↑ Law on the protection of nature, the maintenance of the landscape and recreation in the great outdoors. Retrieved February 10, 2016 .
- ^ A b Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Volume 2, Bavaria . In: Paths to old trees . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1990, ISBN 3-926181-09-5 , p. 44 .
- ↑ Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 105 .
- ↑ Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 , p. 7 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 11 ″ N , 9 ° 59 ′ 47 ″ E