Billroda
|
Billroda
Finne municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 6 ″ N , 11 ° 27 ′ 27 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 252 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.98 km² |
| Residents : | 505 (Dec 31, 2007) |
| Population density : | 56 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 2009 |
| Postal code : | 06647 |
| Area code : | 036377 |
Billroda is a district of the municipality of Finne in the Burgenland district in Saxony-Anhalt .
location
Billroda is located directly on the state border with the Free State of Thuringia on federal highway 176 between Sömmerda and Naumburg. The Lossa flows through the village . The Finnebahn Laucha – Kölleda passing north , at which Billroda had a stop, is no longer in operation.
history
The first mention of Billroda goes back to a document from Archbishop Friedrich von Magdeburg. It confirms the awarding of four hooves to the altar of Saints Justus and Clemens in the collegiate church in Bibra by the noble Friedrich von Bilrieth . This document is kept in the Saxon Main State Archives in Dresden . In the record book of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg by George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , May 30, 1148 is given.
It is assumed that if there was a noble von Bilrieth, there was also a place with that name. However, it is not scientifically proven that the derivation of his name comes from this place name.
Until 1815 Billroda belonged to the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga in the lower district of the Thuringian district , later to the Prussian district Eckartsberga (from 1950 district Kölleda) with its seat in Kölleda.
On July 1, 1950, the previously independent community of Tauhardt was incorporated into Billroda.
On January 1, 1960, the previous Rastenberg district "Union" was reclassified from the Sömmerda district ( Erfurt district ) to Billroda.
On July 1, 2009 Billroda merged with Lossa to form the new municipality of Finne . The last mayor was Karl-Otto Friedrich.
Kalthausen desert
It is assumed that during the Thirty Years War settlements died out due to epidemics such as plague and cholera. The name Wüstung Kalthausen , located below the Billerschen Windmill, gives an indication of such a process. The giant graves in the Tauhardt Forest indicate that the people who were captured by the epidemic were buried there.
Between the world wars
During the First World War , numerous soldiers died or returned home seriously wounded. The Raiffeisenbank, based in the Finnekrug, went bankrupt, and many farmers and cow farmers had to take on debts in order to pay their liability amounts. The German inflation from 1914 to 1923 had an impact and favored the high unemployment in the Weimar Republic .
In 1933 the National Socialist German Workers' Party took power. Jungvolk, Hitler Youth, BDM, Reichsnährstand , KDF, etc., established themselves in the village. The farmer's sons were in the Reiter- und Motor-HJ. Young men were called to the Reich Labor Service or reported to the Reichswehr. The flag inauguration was celebrated in Billroda. Around noon the columns of cars moved to Tauhardt, the blood flag (NSDAP) was brought and the flags and standards were touched with it for consecration. A huge wooden cross in memory of Albert Leo Schlageter was erected and three oaks were planted. At the beginning of the 1930s came the time of the winter welfare organization , and from 1933 stew Sundays were introduced. The mother's cross was awarded to women with many children . In 1938 a long column of military vehicles moved through the village in the direction of the Sudetenland for integration into the German Reich from 1933 to 1945 . Old and young shouted into the night: “One people, one empire, one leader”.
The church
The village church was demolished in 1988 because of its desolate condition. It was dedicated to Saint Martin . Its location on the mountain slope, together with the consecrated name, indicates a very old foundation. It is believed that it was built in the 15th century. Perhaps it was even the first and oldest chapel for the wider area. In the old days Billroda belonged to Rastenberg as a branch , also in 1555. In order to remove the place from the influence of the Reformation under the electoral Mater, Duke Georg separated the place from the parish church and made it an independent parish. But in 1540 Billroda and Schafau were taken care of by a pastor. Should it not be convenient for the pastor, Billroda should come to Tauhardt. It was, however, placed at Rothenberga. Many a place of worship was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, including this church. Therefore it is assumed that the church was rebuilt or that it was rebuilt. A contemporary witness of this assertion is the architectural style of the church in the form of an elongated rectangle, without any artistic decoration on the outside, with square door and window openings, where a closing round arch is already a rarity, the tower with the well-known dome in bell or Onion-shaped, preferably with a two-part top pierced through an opening, the tower often enough built in the wrong place to the east, this is how these 'stylish' churches imagine. At all times people have built their churches to adapt them to the circumstances, to maintain them and to beautify them. During the time of the GDR, the church fell into disrepair. The stained window with the old stained glass disappeared and someone disposed of the organ. After the collapse of the GDR, a wooden frame was built in which the old bell hangs and is rung. In 2006 the Protestant parish got back the old altar cross with the crucified Jesus. It is now in the parish room and is in front of the worshipers' eyes.
The potash shaft
The poor farming village became a prosperous, lively community at the beginning of the 20th century with the development of the “Rastenberg Union” potash mine . Craftsmen and workers dominated village life. In the Rastenberger Flur (Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach) four modern houses were built, supplied with water and electricity. Barracks were built for the workers in the immediate vicinity of the shafts. The new community tavern was now the center of a rich club life. On January 24, 1910, the production of potash salts began.
The shaft was about 660 meters deep. The 32 meter high water tower towered into the sky as a new landmark. After the First World War, the period of the potash indicator came to an end due to foreign competitors. The shaft was closed in the early 1920s.
The Burggraf and Bernsdorf shafts on the outskirts of Kahlwinkel were closed in 1921. During the Second World War, the Burggraf shaft was used as a warehouse for the Naumburg Army Equipment Office. From November 1944 the SS external command Billroda of the Buchenwald concentration camp was established here, in which up to 500 prisoners had to do forced labor both underground and above ground. These were u. a. used to relocate the production of the Gustloff-Werke Weimar to the salt domes (Gustloff-Werke III Billroda). At the beginning of April the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were led back on foot to the main camp in Buchenwald. During this march there was an Allied air raid in which guards and some prisoners were killed. After the end of the war, the looting underground caused a fire with several dead. Two Latvians who died of smoke gas poisoning were buried in the Billroda cemetery. During the GDR era, their graves were honored as the burial site of concentration camp prisoners, although it is not clear whether they were former prisoners, forced laborers or even camp overseers. In 2006 the interest group "Schacht Burggraf" erected and inaugurated a memorial for the prisoners of the camp near the former mine, which the sculptor Peter Fiedler designed together with students from the state high school Schulpforte. The former mine is now used as an underground gas cavern (storage facility for natural gas) for Verbundnetz Gas AG.
Son of the community
- Johann Samuel Rosenheyn (1777–1844), Protestant theologian and high school teacher in West and East Prussia
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ RAM Vol. 3, pp. 524-525, No. 155.
- ↑ Cf. Heß, Peter: The Rastenberger territory assignment of the district “trade union” to Billroda. - In: Sömmerdaer Heimatheft 8 (1996), pp. 46–54.
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 2nd to December 31st, 2009