cereal

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Dried muesli with fruits (including bananas, raisins) in milk

Muesli [ˈmyːsli] (in Switzerland and southern Baden-Württemberg muesli [ ˈmyəz̥li ], Birchermüesli or Birchermues ; muesli as an independent diminutive from Swiss German Mues and from Middle High German müeselīn (Dim. Zu muos ), standard language is Mus ; see also -li ) A preparation made from oat flakes and other grain- based products ( e.g. corn flakes ) as well as fruit or dried fruit that is usually eaten for breakfast with milk , soy milk , yoghurt or fruit juice . In contrast to oatmeal , English porridge , the oat flakes are not cooked, but only soaked.

In addition to Swiss chocolate and fondue, muesli is one of the Swiss specialties eaten around the world. Today, muesli is an essential part of European breakfast culture. Birchermüesli complet is Birchermus with bread and butter and milk coffee .

The original apple diet dish "d Spys"

The original Birchermues was developed around 1900 by the Aargau doctor and nutrition reformer Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner . The founder of the sanatorium “Lebendige Kraft” on the Zürichberg called his creation Apple Diet Food , or simply d Spys ( Swiss German “die food”, [t ʃpiːz̥] ). From 1902 he tried to introduce the guests to a wholesome diet with fresh fruit in his Zurich sanatorium - which he succeeded. The Birchermus was served as an easily digestible dinner. Bircher-Benner apparently did not develop the puree independently. He allegedly had it on a mountain hike in the Alps discovered when it is a milkmaid with a raw food meal had hosted, as they had allegedly taken for more than a hundred years ago to the herdsmen, consists of soaked oatmeal, grated apples , grated nuts , Lemon juice and (on 200 grams of apple) a tablespoon of sweetened condensed milk .

Bircher-Benner is considered a pioneer in whole food nutrition . Originally, he was convinced that unprocessed raw vegetable foods, such as those used in muesli, contained “biologically effective light quanta” from which the body could gain “ vitality ” - a hypothesis that later turned out to be false (see bio photons ). As a representative of vegetarian raw food nutrition, the most important thing for Bircher-Benner were the freshly grated apples with their skin and core, not the cereal flakes. He used condensed milk because fresh milk, unpasteurized at the time, posed a high risk of tuberculosis . In the meantime, the manufacturing processes for oatmeal have also improved. The fine flakes available today only need to be soaked briefly.

The original Bircher-Benner recipe

For one serving:

  • 1 level tablespoon of oatmeal
  • 3 tablespoons of water
  • Soak for 12 hours
  • 1 tablespoon of lemon juice
  • Add 1 tablespoon of sweetened condensed milk and mix into a sauce
  • About 2 apples (400 g), preferably sour variety; Immediately before serving with the bowl on the Bircher grater rub directly into the sauce and stir occasionally so that the apple meat does not brown
  • Scatter 1 tablespoon of hazelnuts or grated almonds over the top
Muesli in a horde pot

history

The nutrition reformer Bircher gave numerous lectures on raw food nutrition and promoted his apple diet dish. The innumerable cookbooks and writings by members of the Bircher family helped the Birchermus to make a first breakthrough and become known in German-speaking countries. As early as the 1920s, apple dishes were on the menu in vegetarian restaurants. For the time being, Birchermus only became really popular in Switzerland. From the 1940s and 1950s, the Birchermus was regularly eaten for dinner . It was also regularly on the menu in the kitchens of prisons, homes, monasteries and the military.

With the popularity, recipes that differed from the original soon appeared. In place of the oat flakes, the dry mixes, which had been industrially produced since the early 1940s, increasingly appeared. Evaporated milk is replaced by yogurt, milk or cream (cream).

  • Birmus (Obsthalle AG in Romanshorn, 1942) a complete Bircher muesli with dried apples, milk powder, cereal flakes , sultanas and hazelnuts.
  • Frutifort (1946), the “finished Bircher muesli mix according to Dr. Bircher ”from Thurgauer Schälmühle Zwicky AG, on the other hand, did not contain any fruit, only different types of cereal flakes. On the packaging it was expressly stated that fresh fruit should be added to the mixture.
  • In 1954, Hipp founded Somalon AG in Sachseln in Central Switzerland , which initially offered Hipp baby food in Switzerland. After a short time, however, it switched to the industrial production of Bircher muesli mixes and was successful. Today the company is called bio-familia AG and belongs to the Hipp group of companies .

In 1985, Kellogg’s tried to protect the brand name Muesli . This failed because of an entry in Germany that was eight years older. As a compromise, mueslix and mueslix were entered.

The term today

In the trade, the term muesli usually stands for ready-made mixtures of breakfast cereals , cereals , raisins , dried fruit and nuts. They are often fortified with additional vitamins and minerals . The so-called breakfast cereals are among the most fortified foods, as a study of the project Development of a Swiss nutritional database revealed. They are then part of the functional food .

According to Stiftung Warentest , the “fruits” of most of the ready mixes in 2006 mainly consisted of raisins, which are inexpensive and sweet. Crunchy muesli contains a substantial amount of sugar .

Extended use of language and culture

  • Alternative people living in Germany are referred to as mueslis or derogatory muesli or grain eaters ; see. also kohlrabi apostles .
  • Was the beginning of the 1980s, the radio comedy character Matthias cereal from Jacky Dreksler the cult to SWF3 .
  • The Bernese songwriter Roland Zoss wrote a dialect song in 2011 about the ingredients in Birchermüesli.
  • The Cologne group BAP sings about their album Für usszeschnigge! the "Muesli Man".
  • In English there is the sociological term of the muesli belt for the typical living belt of ecologically and health-oriented middle-class citizens with nutritional awareness.
  • The Stadtrain settlement , a residential and multi-family residential area of ​​the reformed New Building in Winterthur , Switzerland , is jokingly called "Birchermüesli-Quartier" because of the street names (quince, cherry, peach, apricot, pear and apple path). What was originally meant to be slightly disparaging is now associated with the special living quality and avant-garde of classic modernism .
  • In English , musli is associated with mixture .

Muesli and muesli

In Switzerland and the southern parts of Baden-Württemberg - also in Swiss High German  - only the original form Birchermüesli is used . Muesli - with a long ü - is the diminutive of Muus ("mouse") in most Alemannic dialects and means "little mouse" there. However, the spelling of muesli is also used by nationally known manufacturers of flakes and baby food (including the companies Schneekoppe and Hipp).

literature

  • Max Bircher-Benner: Fruit dishes and raw vegetables. 1924; 13th edition. Basel / Leipzig / Vienna 1931, p. 22 f.
  • Albert Wirz: Morals on the plate. Depicted on the life and work of Max Bircher-Benner and John Harvey Kellogg, two pioneers of modern nutrition in the tradition of moral physiology, with references to the grammar of food and the importance of Birchen mues and cornflakes. The rise and fall of the patriarchal hunger for meat and the seduction of the vegetable diet. Chronos, Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-905311-10-0 .
  • Franziska Rüttimann, Lukas Meier; Mühlerama Foundation (Ed.): Flocky : The muesli - from Bircher-Benner to functional food. Publication for the exhibition of the Mühlerama . Museum in the Mühle Tiefenbrunnen in collaboration with the Bircher Benner Archive of the Medical History Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, 2004.
  • Pierre Itor: You almost got rid of the muesli. About Max Bircher-Benner. In: Revue Schweiz-Suisse-Svizzera-Switzerland. Volume 7/1996, pp. 22-23.
  • Eberhard Wolff: About the unfollowability of Birchermüesli and the plurality of identities. In: Fully flaky, by the way ... the muesli - from Bircher-Brenner to functional food. [a publication for the exhibition of the Mühlerama - Museum in the Mühle Tiefenbrunnen in collaboration with the Bircher Benner Archive of the Medical History Institute of the University of Zurich].
  • Edited by the Mühlerama Foundation, Zurich. Edited by Franziska Rüttimann. Employee Lukas Meie et al. (Ed.): The everyday kitchen: building blocks for everyday and festive meals. Folklore Seminar of the University of Zurich, Zurich, 2005, pp. 88–92.

Web links

Wiktionary: Muesli  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Muesli  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Duden | Muesli | Spelling, meaning, definition, origin. Retrieved February 19, 2019 .
  2. Muesli - Wiktionary. Retrieved February 19, 2019 .
  3. Albert Wirz doctor Bircher's new world order. The muesli as a stability factor NZZ Folio 04/97
  4. ^ Berta Luise Brupbacher-Bircher. The turning point cookbook . Wendpunktverlag, Zurich 1927
  5. europeanvegetarian.org ( Memento from April 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) History Hiltl , Zurich
  6. zwicky.ch  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Zwicky: Milestones@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / zwicky.ch  
  7. bio-familia.com History of bio-familia AG
  8. Bio-Familia founder Caspar Arquint has died , online article in the Neue Luzerner Zeitung from December 31, 2013
  9. ^ Stiftung Warentest: Test Früchtemüslis In: test.de from September 1, 2006 and test 9/2006
  10. dipbt.bundestag.de (PDF)
  11. mx3.ch on the SingDing album by Roland Zoss
  12. University of Bristol: ALSPAC The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Project No Evidence Of 'Muesli Belt Malnutrition' In British toddlers . (PDF; 94 kB) March 7, 2002
  13. Jimmy Murphy: The Muesli Belt . ( Memento of October 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) irishwriters-online.com
  14. ^ The Stadtrain settlement, Birchermüesli-Quartier in Winterthur glossary.
  15. holzbaubuero.ch High quality of living in a historic workers' settlement.