Bergporlinge
| Bergporlinge | ||||||||||||
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Bondarzewia mesenterica (Syn .: B. montana ) the type species of the genus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Bondarzewia | ||||||||||||
| Sing. 1940 |
The Bergporlinge ( Bondarzewia ) are the type genus of the Bergporlingsverwandten family (Bondarzewiaceae). The tough, stalked, more or less gray-brown porlings have no cystids or buckles . The Dimitic hyphae system consists of generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae. The strongly amyloid and roughly warty ornamented spores are typical of the genus . The type species is Bondarzewia mesenterica , the common Bergporling . It is also the only species of the genus in Europe. Other species occur in North America and the tropics. Most species are edible at least when they are young.
features
Macroscopic features
The annual fruiting bodies are formed from a bundle of shell-shaped or tongue-shaped hats arranged in rosettes, which arise from a common stem. The up to 20 cm long and 0.4–2 cm thick hats are smooth or tomentose and colored ocher-yellow, reddish-brown or gray-brown. The fruit layer ( hymenophore ) consists of rounded to angular, white pores, the spore powder is whitish.
The stem is 10 cm long and 2–5 cm thick. The cream-colored meat is hard and does not discolour, in contrast to the blackening meat of the similar-looking giant porling . It has a nutty odor. Some mountain porling species milk in the same way as milklings if injured. The meat tastes mild to very hot.
Microscopic features
The amyloid spores are 5–8 µm long and 5–7 µm wide. They are rounded to almost spherical and ornamented with warty, burrs or wings . The hyphae system is dimitic . In addition to the hyaline, non-inflated, generative hyphae , thick-walled skeletal hyphae occur, and there are no buckles . The terminal basidia are 30–55 µm long and have four curved sterigms at their tips . Sterile hymenial elements such as cystidia or hyphidia do not occur, but at least some species have lactifera that can be faintly stained with sulfovanillin.
Ecology and diffusion
Bergporlinge grow as a weak parasite or as a saprobiont at the foot of living trunks, on stumps or on dying or already dead roots. The fungi, like the closely related root sponges, are root parasites, but they hardly ever appear as wood pests. Both deciduous and coniferous trees can serve as hosts. The European mountain spearling prefers old silver firs and grows exclusively on conifers, while the North American species Bondarzewia berkeleyi grows on deciduous trees and prefers oaks. In tropical China, Bondarzewia podocarpi is found growing on living stone slices ( Podocarpus ), while Bondarzewia guaitecasensis, native to southern South America, is a parasite of the beech ( Nothofagus ).
Bergporlinge produce an intense white rot in the affected wood and are involved in the rot from the initial to the end of the final phase.
Systematics
Since Rolf Singer defined the genus Bondarzewia in 1940, numerous taxonomists have paid attention to the genus. This led to it being made the type genus of the new family Bondarzewiaceae in 1957 by F. Kotlába and Z. Pouzar.
JA Stalpers compared the properties of Heterobasidion and Bondarzewia in 1979 and realized that both genera have a dimitic hyphae system, porous fruiting bodies and amyloid, ornamented spores, while buckles and cystids are absent. In addition, both genera had a spider-like secondary fruit form (anamorphic) and a parasitic way of life. Other similarities are the production of white rot and the formation of a laccase .
He found similar characteristics in Laurilia , Echinodontium , Wrightoporia and the tropical genus Amylaria , which has coral-shaped fruiting bodies, and united them all in the family of Bondarzewiaceae.
The genus has also been investigated in molecular biology by various working groups, with different results in some cases. Larsson and Larsson (2003) and Miller et al. (2006) used the 5.8S, ITS2 and the large subunit of the rDNA genes for their phylogenetic investigation and found that the genera Bondarzewia , Heterobasidion , Laurilia and Echinodontium form a common lineage that splits into two branches, into the genera Bondarzewia and Heterobasidion with a dimitic hyphae system and the genera Laurilia and Echinodontium , which have a trimitic hyphae system. The genus Wrightoporia turned out to be a pure form taxon that breaks down into several lineages.
Other studies, however, show that Bondarzewia and Heterobasidion form a lineage that is always separate from the species of the genus Echinodontium and Laurilia .
species
- Bondarzewia podocarpi
- The fruiting bodies are usually console-like, sometimes they have a rudimentary, stem-like base. The pores are small (usually 2 per millimeter) In the fruit layer ( hymenium ) there are cystidiols. The basidia are only 35 µm long. The species is widespread in tropical China and grows on stone discs.
The following species usually have stalked fruiting bodies, cystidioles are absent, and basidia are longer than 35 µm. The species are common in the temperate climate zone in the northern or southern hemisphere.
- Bondarzewia guaitecasensis
- The basidiospores have short and blunt thorns (smaller than 1 µm). The species is widespread in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and grows on false beeches ( Nothofagus ).
- Bondarzewia berkeleyi
- The basidiospores have pointed thorns over 1 µm long. The fruiting bodies grow in large clusters arranged like roof tiles, mostly at the base of oaks. The hats are mostly ocher in color. The species is widespread in temperate, eastern North America.
- Bondarzewia mesenterica
- The fruiting bodies usually arise from a single stem and grow at the base of conifers. The hat is more reddish-brown in color. The species is distributed almost over the entire northern hemisphere (Europe, northern Asia and North America).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bondarzewia. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Bondarzewia. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Yu-Cheng Dai, Bao-Kai Cui & Xiao-Yong Liu: Bondarzewia podocarpi, a new and remarkable polypore from tropical China . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 102 (4) . Lawrence 2010, p. 881-886 , doi : 10.3852 / 09-050 ( mycologia.org [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Bondarzewia). Singer, Revue Mycol., Paris 5: 4 (1940. In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
- ↑ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- ↑ Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: Mycologia . tape 95 (6) . The Mycological Society of America, 2003, pp. 1037-1065 ( mycologia.org [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
- ^ A b Steven L. Miller, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Annemieke Verbeken, Jorinde Nuytinck: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 (6) . Mycological Society of America, 2006, pp. 960–970 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.960 ( mycologia.org [PDF; 3,4 MB ]).
- ^ SA Redhead & LL Norvell: Notes on Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion and Pleurogala. In: Mycotaxon . tape 48 , 1993, pp. 371-380 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).
- ^ M. Kuo: Bondarzewia Berkeleyi. In: MushroomExpert.Com. 2004, accessed December 11, 2013 .
- ^ Rolf Singer: Four years of mycological work in southern South America. In: Mycologia . tape 45 (6) , 1953, pp. 884 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
