Boris Wiktorowitsch Rauschenbach
Boris Rauschenbach ( Russian Борис Викторович Раушенбах ., Scientific transliteration Boris Viktorovič Raušenbach ; born January 5 jul. / 18th January 1915 greg. In Petrograd ; † 27. March 2001 in Moscow ) was a German-Russian physicist and one of the founders of the Soviet Space travel.
Life
Boris Rauschenbach was born on January 18, 1915, the son of the shoe factory engineer Viktor J. Rauschenbach and his wife Leontine F. Rauschenbach (née Hallik). His father was a native Volga German , the mother was of German-Baltic descent.
After finishing school, Rauschenbach worked briefly in an aircraft factory in Leningrad (called "Petrograd" until 1924), and from 1932 he studied at the aviation university there. Parallel to his studies, he took part in the construction and testing of gliders . While still a student, he published his first scientific papers that deal with issues of stability of the aircraft concerned.
Towards the end of his studies, Rauschenbach moved to Moscow , where he began research on wing rockets using liquid fuel at a rocket research institute under the direction of Sergei Pavlovich Koroljow . Rauschenbach developed the automatic control of these missiles very successfully. The work was suddenly stopped when Sergei Korolev was hit by Stalinist reprisals in 1938. Rauschenbach then devoted himself to the theory of combustion in jet engines .
In the autumn of 1941 the missile institute was relocated from Moscow to Yekaterinburg due to the war. In the spring of 1942, Rauschenbach was summoned by the drafting authority and transported with other Russian Germans to a forced labor camp near Nizhny Tagil . Since Rauschenbach had already gained a certain prestige due to his scientific achievements at this time, he was given permission to continue his theoretical work in the camp. In 1948, the new head of the rocket institute, Mstislav Vsevolodowitsch Keldysch , succeeded in ending Rauschenbach's exile - the scientist returned to Moscow, where he developed the theory of vibratory burning. In 1948 he defended his dissertation.
In 1955 Rauschenbach changed jobs and developed the first space apparatus together with Sergei Koroljow. He carried out pioneering work on the orientation of space probes. The greatest success of this work was the Lunik 3 project (1959), in which it was possible for the first time to photograph the back of the moon . In the following ten years Rauschenbach developed orientation systems for the space probes Mars , Venera , Zond as well as docking systems for space vehicles at space stations.
Rauschenbach initially taught at the Moscow State Lomonosov University , and since 1959 he has been a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology .
In the 1980s Rauschenbach headed the Society for the Re-establishment of the Autonomous Volga-German Republic . In 1985 he gave a lecture on armaments and economics . The problem of the militarization of space before the participants of the VI. All- Christian peace meeting hosted by the Christian Peace Conference in Prague .
In 1996, the asteroid (4237) Raushenbakh, discovered on September 24, 1979, was named after him. In addition to his services in the field of natural science and engineering, Rauschenbach is also known as the author of several books on the visual arts and theology. In 1997 his book “Beyond the Earth” was published in German, in which he describes in great detail the biography and achievements of the space pioneer Hermann Oberth , whom he knew very well personally.
His grave is in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery .
Awards
- Order of Lenin (1961, 1990)
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1990)
- Lenin Prize (1960)
- Demidow Prize
- since 1974 member of the International Academy of Astronautics
Fonts
- Hermann Oberth: 1894–1989. Beyond the earth. A biography. With a foreword by Ernst Stuhlinger . Translated from Russian and edited by Erna Roth-Oberth and Adolf Oberth . Dr. Böttiger Verlag , Wiesbaden 1995, ISBN 3-925725-23-7 .
literature
- Ėduard G. Berngardt: Boris Raušenbach. Publishing house of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 2000, ISBN 5-93227-003-9 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Boris Wiktorowitsch Rauschenbach in the catalog of the German National Library
- Article Раушенбах Борис Викторович in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 27126
- ↑ a b c d e biography of Boris Rauschenbach. Retrieved July 4, 2018 (Russian).
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Rauschenbach, Boris Wiktorowitsch |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Раушенбах, Борис Викторович |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian physicist, founder of Soviet space travel |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 18, 1915 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Petrograd |
DATE OF DEATH | March 27, 2001 |
Place of death | Moscow |