Bristly black locust

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Bristly black locust
Illustration [1]

illustration

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Robinieae
Genre : Robinia ( Robinia )
Type : Bristly black locust
Scientific name
Robinia hispida
L.

The bristle black locust ( Robinia hispida ) is a shrub with red to rose-colored flowers from the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). The natural range is in the United States. The kind is very often used as an ornamental shrub.

description

Inflorescences and leaves
blossoms

The Robinia hispida is a 1 to 3 meters high, deciduous and root rung forming bush . Young twigs are green and tightly pressed purple, rough, glandular and white, finely hairy. Biennial twigs are brittle, dark gray-brown and densely bristly, with brown hairs. The leaves are 15 to 30 centimeters long. The leaf spindle is close-fitting, bristly and white, with curly hair. The top is grooved. The leaflet stalks are covered with white hairs. The stipules of the leaflets are awn-shaped and persistent. Five to seven, rarely eight pairs of leaflets are formed per leaf. The leaflets are glabrous, 1.8 to 5 inches long and 1.5 to 3.5 inches wide, with the first, basal pair often being smaller. They are oval, egg-shaped, broadly egg-shaped or rounded, with a rounded and awned tip and a rounded base. The upper side of young leaflets is dark red and later becomes dark green, the underside is gray-green and the median nerve is hairy sparsely pressed.

The axillary inflorescences are approximately 2.5 centimeters long clusters of three to eight flowers . All parts except the corolla are pressed, purple, glandular and hairy white. The inflorescence axis is 4 to 8.5 inches long. The bracts are 5 to 6 millimeters long, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes three-lobed and gradually tailed. They fall off early. The calyx is purple and indistinctly bell-shaped. The flower cup is about 5 millimeters long, the calyx tips are triangular, 3 to 6 millimeters long with a tailed to awl tip. The corolla is red to rose colored. The petals are stalked. The flag is 2 inches long and 3 inches wide, roughly kidney-shaped with a bulged tip. The wings are about 2 inches long, sickle-shaped and eyed. The shuttle is 1.5 centimeters long, almost triangular, with a rounded and hollow tip. The stamens are arranged in two groups, one stamen is free opposite the flag. The anthers are oval. The ovary is more or less terete and has many ovules. The scar is terminal. The fruits are 5 to 8 centimeters long and 8 to 12 millimeters wide, flattened, straight, pointed pods with three to five seeds , densely covered with glandular bristly hair . The bristly black locust flowers from May to June, the fruits ripen from July to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Distribution and location requirements

Its natural range is in the United States in Alabama , Georgia , eastern Kentucky , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee, and Virginia . The bristle black locust grows in steppes and dry forests on dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy-gravelly or sandy-loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shady locations. The species is sensitive to moisture, loves warmth and is usually frost hardy . It is assigned to winter hardiness zone 6a with mean annual minimum temperatures of −23.3 to −20.6 ° C.

Systematics

The Robinia hispida ( Robinia hispida ) is a kind of the genus of the locust ( Robinia ) in the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). There it is assigned to the tribe Robinieae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) . The species was first described by Carl von Linné in his work Mantissa Plantarum in 1767 . The genus name Robinia was chosen by Linné for the North American species Robinia pseudacacia , which was previously known as Acacia Americana Robini . The name refers to the French court gardener and director of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris Jean Robin (1550–1629). He is said to have brought the kind of America to France. It is more likely, however, that his son Vespasien Robin (1579–1662) raised the species from seeds that he received from America. The specific epithet hispida comes from Latin and means "rough" or "stiff-haired".

There are three varieties:

  • Robinia hispida var. Fertilis ( Ashe, RT Clausen ), which was also described as a separate species, Robinia fertilis Ashe .
  • Robinia hispida var. Hispida
  • Robinia hispida var. Kelseyi ( JF Cowell ex Hutch. ) Isely , also as a separate species Robinia kelseyi J. F. Cowell ex Hutch. has been described.

use

The bristle robinia is very often used as an ornamental shrub because of its remarkable flowers . A well-known variety is 'Macrophylla' with stronger growth, only softly hairy branches and larger flowers and leaves.

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 320 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 544.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 732 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Illustration by William Curtis (1746–1799) from Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Volume 9, 1795.
  2. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 544 and after Fitschen: Woody flora . P. 732.
  3. ↑ a b Robinia hispida in Flora of China. Volume 10, p. 320.
  4. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods. P. 544.
  5. ^ Robinia hispida at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ a b c d Robinia hispida in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  7. ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 540.
  8. ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 291.

Web links

Commons : Bristly Black Locust ( Robinia hispida )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files