Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus
| Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Bovine immunodeficiency virus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV, English Bovine immunodeficiency virus ) is a retrovirus that is counted among the lentiviruses and only infects cattle worldwide . It is one of the well-known immunodeficiency viruses, which also includes the HI virus ( AIDS ) and other viruses used in veterinary medicine . At the moment (2006) the significance of a BIV infection has not been clarified; knowledge about this virus is still limited. The BIV shows an antigenic and structural similarity to HIV-1 and the Maedi-Visna virus in sheep . It used to be known as the Bovine Visna Virus . The BIV was first described in the literature in 1970 by Van der Maaten and coworkers at Iowa State University 's School of Veternarian Science . The BIV is closely related to the Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV), which is also counted among the lentiviruses.
BIV envelope proteins have an affinity for progesterone and are similar to the HIV gp120 protein . Interestingly, this affinity is limited to human progesterone as well as the origins of some other animal breeds, but BIV is not affine to cattle progesterone.
In 1978 human cell cultures were also successfully infected with BIV experimentally (see Georgiades).
Epidemiology
The virus appears to be spread in cattle worldwide. A serological study in Ontario found positive reagents in around one fifth of cattle herds, with a prevalence of 4 to 7%. A seroprevalence of 1.5% is reported from Holland. Antibodies against the virus are also found in cattle in Germany. The course of the disease seems to be very slow (lentivirus).
Symptoms
In addition to lymphocytosis (increased number of lymphocytes ), the various information in the specialist literature on clinically relevant symptoms are not uniform. Possible symptoms include poor milk yield, emaciation and perivascular CNS infiltrates. A typical immunodeficiency has not yet been described.
therapy
A causal therapy is not known and vaccination is not yet possible.
literature
- PA Marx, AI Spira, A. Gettie, PJ Dailey, RS Veazey, AA Lackner, CJ Mahoney, CJ Miller, LE Claypool, DD Ho, NJ Alexander: Progesterone implants enhance SIV vaginal transmission and early virus load. In: Nat Med . 2 (10), Oct 1996, pp. 1084-1089, doi: 10.1038 / nm1096-1084
- AD Boothe, MJ Van der Maaten, WA Malmquist: Morphological variation of a syncytial virus from lymphosarcomatous and apparently normal cattle. In: Arch Entire Virus Research. 31 (3), 1970, pp. 373-384, doi: 10.1007 / BF01253771
- DH Harter, KC Hsu, HM Rose: Multiplication of visna virus in bovine and porcine cell lines. In: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 129 (1), Oct 1968, pp. 295-300. PMID 4971926
- JA Georgiades, A. Billiau, B. Vanderschueren: Infection of human cell cultures with bovine visna virus. In: J Gen Virol. 38 (2), Feb 1978, pp. 375-381. PMID 75246 , doi: 10.1099 / 0022-1317-38-2-375
Web links
- Infection with BIV ( memento from December 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), website of the veterinary faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Commelina yellow mottle virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)