Bracovirus

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Bracovirus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
without rank: "Baculo-like viruses" ?
Family : Polydnaviridae ?
Genre : Bracovirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : rod-shaped
Scientific name
Bracovirus
Short name
BV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10485
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 577

Bracovirus ( BV ) is a genus double enveloped viruses with double-stranded, segmented DNA - genome , which in the genome of some wasps are integrated and as a viral vector for influencing the hosts used to wasps larvae. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has classified the Bracoviruses as a genus from the family Polydnaviridae (as of April 2020). However, this family may be paraphyletic ( see below ).

construction

Bracoviruses are cylindrical or rod-shaped ( Baculoviridae -like).

Genome

The complete genome of the bracoviruses is integrated into the genome of the parasitic wasps as a provirus in tandem repeat units. From the proviruses of the Bracoviruses of Cotesia congregata , 35 different circular double-stranded viral DNA can be produced via the formation of head-to-head or tail-to-tail concatamers , which are packaged in the virus-like particles . The genes of the structural proteins of the virus-like particles are not packaged, which means that virus-like particles can only be produced by the parasitic wasps.

Propagation cycle

Bracoviruses are only produced in the ovaries of female parasitic wasps and are injected together with the eggs into the host of the parasitic wasp larva via the ovipositor . Today they are only transmitted to the offspring (vertical infection ). The parasitic wasps of the following families serve as hosts:

Systematics

External systematics and evolution

The emergence of the polydnaviruses is dated between 64 and 100 million years ago.

The Bracoviruses apparently evolved from the Nudiviridae about 100 million years ago . According to Koonin et al .: (2015 and 2019) the Polydnaviridae (i.e. the group of Bracoviruses ) seem to form an as yet unnamed family group together with the Nimaviridae , Hytrosaviridae , Baculoviridae and the Nudiviridae , for which the authors propose the following family tree:



Nimaviridae


   

Hytrosaviridae


   

Baculoviridae


   

Nudiviridae (possibly paraphyletic , see there)


   

Polydnaviridae : Bracoviruses




Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3

Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

The two virus genera Ichnovirus (IV) and Bracovirus in the family Polydnaviridae are in fact not phylogenetically related, which means that this taxon may need to be reworked, which u. a. The term “Baculo-like viruses” used by the Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics ( SIB ) (only including Baculoviridae and Nudiviridae ) could then include the Bracoviruses.

Internal system

As of February 2019, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) states that the genus Bracovirus consists of the following species:

  • Genus Bracovirus
  • Species Apanteles crassicornis bracovirus (AcBV)
  • Species Apanteles fumiferanae bracovirus (AfBV)
  • Species Ascogaster argentifrons bracovirus (AaBV)
  • Species Ascogaster quadridentata bracovirus (AqBV)
  • Species Cardiochiles nigriceps bracovirus (TnBV)
  • Species Chelonus altitudinis bracovirus (CalBV)
  • Species Chelonus blackburni bracovirus (CbBV)
  • Species Chelonus inanitus bracovirus (CiBV)
  • Species Chelonus insularis bracovirus (CinsBV)
  • Species Chelonus near curvimaculatus bracovirus ( Chelonus nr.curvimaculatus bracovirus , CcvBV)
  • Species Chelonus texanus bracovirus (CtBV)
  • Species Cotesia congregata bracovirus (CcBV)
  • Species Cotesia flavipes bracovirus (CfBV)
  • Species Cotesia glomerata bracovirus (CgBV)
  • Species Cotesia hyphantriae bracovirus (ChBV)
  • Species Cotesia kariyai bracovirus (CkBV)
  • Species Cotesia marginiventris bracovirus (CmaBV)
  • Species Cotesia melanoscela bracovirus (CmeBV, type species)
  • Species Cotesia rubecula bracovirus (CrBV)
  • Species Cotesia schaeferi bracovirus (CsBV)
  • Species Diolcogaster facetosa bracovirus (DfBV)
  • Species Glyptapanteles flavicoxis bracovirus (GflBV)
  • Species Glyptapanteles indiensis bracovirus (GiBV)
  • Species Glyptapanteles liparidis bracovirus (GlBV)
  • Species Hypomicrogaster canadensis bracovirus (HcBV)
  • Species Hypomicrogaster ectdytolophae bracovirus (HecBV)
  • Species Microplitis croceipes bracovirus (McBV)
  • Species Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV)
  • PTP-H2, PTP-H3
  • Species Phanerotoma flavitestacea bracovirus (PfBV)
  • Species Pholetesor ornigis bracovirus (PoBV)
  • Species Protapanteles paleacritae bracovirus (PpBV)
  • Species Tranosema rostral bracovirus (TrBV)

Other proposed candidates include a .:

  • Species " Cotesia chilonis bracovirus " (CchBV)
  • Species " Cotesia plutellae bracovirus " (CpBV)
  • Species " Cotesia ruficrus polydnavirus " (CrPDV)
  • Species " Cotesia sesamiae bracovirus " (CsBV)
  • Species " Cotesia sesamiae Kitale bracovirus " (CskBV)
  • Species " Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus " (CsMBV)
  • Species " Cotesia vestalis bracovirus " (CvBV)
  • Species " Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus " (MbBV)
  • Species " Microplitis mediator bracovirus " (MmBV)
  • Species " Microplitis similis bracovirus " (MsBV)
  • Species " Toxoneuron nigriceps bracovirus " (TnBV)
  • Species “ Choeras sp. bracovirus "
  • Species “ Dolichogenidae sp. bracovirus "

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ SIB: Double Strand DNA Viruses , on: ViralZone
  2. ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ BA Federici, Y. Bigot: Origin and evolution of polydnaviruses by symbiogenesis of insect DNA viruses in endoparasitic wasps. In: J Insect Physiol. Volume 49 (5), 2003, pp. 419-432. PMID 12770621 .
  4. ↑ a b ViralZone: Bracovirus. ExPASy, accessed July 25, 2019 . Pay attention to the text, not the image, 'Microplitis demolitor cracovirus' is incorrect for 'Microplitis demolitor bracovirus'.
  5. ↑ a b F. Louis, A. Bézier, G. Periquet, C. Ferras, JM Drezen, C. Dupuy: The bracovirus genome of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata is amplified within 13 replication units, including sequences not packaged in the particles. In: Journal of virology. Volume 87, Number 17, September 2013, ISSN  1098-5514 , pp. 9649-9660, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.00886-13 . PMID 23804644 , PMC 3754133 (free full text).
  6. ↑ a b E. A. Herniou, E. Huguet, J. Thézé, A. Bézier, G. Periquet, JM Drezen: When parasitic wasps hijacked viruses: genomic and functional evolution of polydnaviruses . In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences . tape 368 , no. 1626 , 2013, doi : 10.1098 / rstb.2013.0051 , PMID 23938758 , PMC 3758193 (free full text). S. 20130051. ISSN  1471-2970 .
  7. ↑ JM Drezen, B. Provost, E. Espagne, L. Cattolico, C. Dupuy, M. Poirié, G. Periquet, E. Huguet: Polydnavirus genome: integrated vs. free virus. In: J Insect Physiol. Volume 49 (5), 2003, pp. 407-417. PMID 12770620 .
  8. ↑ Nicholas Murphy, Jonathan C. Banks, James B. Whitfield, Andrew D. Austin: Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 47 , no. 1 , April 1, 2008, p. 378-395 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2008.01.022 ( sciencedirect.com ).
  9. ↑ a b c d e Gaelen R. Burke, Michael R. Strand: Polydnaviruses of Parasitic Wasps: Domestication of Viruses To Act as Gene Delivery Vectors . In: Insects . tape 3 , no. 1 , January 31, 2012, p. 91–119 , doi : 10.3390 / insects3010091 , PMID 26467950 , PMC 4553618 (free full text) - (English, mdpi.com ).
  10. ^ JB Whitfield: Estimating the age of the polydnavirus / braconid wasp symbiosis. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 99, Number 11, May 2002, pp. 7508-7513, ISSN  0027-8424 . doi: 10.1073 / pnas.112067199 . PMID 12032313 . PMC 124262 (free full text).
  11. ↑ A. Bézier, M. Annaheim, J. Herbinière, C. Wetterwald, G. Gyapay, S. Bernard-Samain, P. Wincker, I. Roditi, M. Heller, M. Belghazi, R. Pfister-Wilhem, G Periquet, C. Dupuy, E. Huguet, AN Volkoff, B. Lanzrein, JM Drezen: Polydnaviruses of braconid wasps derive from an ancestral nudivirus. In: Science. Volume 323 (5916), 2009, pp. 926-930. PMID 19213916 .
  12. ↑ Eugene V. Koonin, Natalya Yutin: Evolution of the Large Nucleocytoplasmatic DNA Viruses of Eukaryotes and Convergent Origins of Viral Gigantism. In: Advances in Virus Research. Volume 103, AP January 21, 2019, pp. 167-202. doi: 10.1016 / bs.aivir.2018.09.002 , (sciencedirect.com)
  13. ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja, Mart Krupovic: Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity. In: Virology. Volume 479-480, May 2015, pp. 2-25, Epub March 12, 2015, PMC 5898234 (free full text). PMID 25771806
  14. ↑ C. Dupuy, E. Huguet, JM Drezen: Unfolding the evolutionary story of polydnaviruses . In: Virus Res . tape 117 , no. 1 , 2006, p. 81-89 , doi : 10.1016 / j.virusres.2006.01.001 , PMID 16460826 .
  15. ↑ SIB: Double Strand DNA Viruses , on: ViralZone
  16. ↑ ICTV: Master Species List 2018b.v2 (MSL # 34)
  17. ↑ Polydnaviridae - List of species in the genus Bracovirus. In: Virus Taxonomy. 2012. (sciencedirect.com)
  18. ^ NCBI: Unclassified Bracovirus
  19. ↑ Germain Chevignon et al: Functional Annotation of Cotesia congregata Bracovirus: Identification of Viral Genes Expressed in Parasitized Host Immune Tissues. In: J Virol. 88 (16), August 2014, pp. 8795-8812. doi: 10.1128 / JVI.00209-14 , PMC 4136248 (free full text). PMID 24872581
  20. ↑ William H Wilson, Ilana C Gilg, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Erin K Field, Sergey Koren, Gary R LeCleir, Joaquín Martínez Martínez, Nicole J Poulton, Brandon K Swan, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Steven W Wilhelm: Genomic exploration of individual giant ocean viruses. In: ISME Journal. 11 (8), August 2017, pp. 1736-1745. doi: 10.1038 / ismej.2017.61 , PMC 5520044 (free full text). PMID 28498373 , (PDF)
  21. ↑ Laila Gasmi: Bracovirus-derived genes in the genome of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their role in host susceptibility to pathogens. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Valencia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques 2015. (pdfs.semanticscholar.org)
  22. ↑ Nancy E. Beckage, Jean-Michel Drezen (Ed.): Parasitoid Viruses: Symbionts and Pathogens. 1st edition. Elsevier, 2012, ISBN 978-0-12-384859-8 , p. 108.
  23. ↑ Séverine Jancek include: Adaptive Selection on bracovirus Genomes Drives the Specialization of Cotesia parasitoid Wasps. In: PLoS One. v.8 (5), May 23, 2013, article e64432, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0064432 , PMC 3665748 (free full text). PMID 23724046
  24. ↑ Jainy Thomas et al .: Pervasive Horizontal Transfer of Rolling-Circle Transposons among Animals. In: Genome Biol. Evol. 2, August 6, 2010, pp. 656–664, doi: 10.1093 / gbe / evq050 , (scienceopen.com)
  25. ↑ Ya-feng Chen et al.: Deep sequencing of 'Cotesia vestalis bracovirus reveals the complexity of a polydnavirus genome. In: Virology. Volume 414, No. 1, May 25, 2011, pp. 42-50, doi: 10.1016 / j.virol.2011.03.009 , (sciencedirect.com)
  26. ↑ K.-J. Luo, Y. Pang: Disruption effect of Microplitis bicoloratus polydnavirus EGF-like protein, MbCRP, on actin cytoskeleton in lepidopteran insect hemocytes. In: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. (Shanghai) 38 (8), August 2006, pp. 577-585, doi: 10.1111 / j.1745-7270.2006.00195.x . PMID 16894481
  27. ↑ K. Kadash et al: Cross-protection experiments with parasitoids in the genus Microplitis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) suggest a high level of specificity in their associated bracoviruses. In: J Insect Physiol. 49 (5), May 2003, pp. 473-482, doi: 10.1016 / s0022-1910 (03) 00064-7 . PMID 12770626
  28. ^ Lei He et al: Identification of a Novel Virus in Wasp - Microplitis similis Bracovirus: a Possible New Species of Polydnaviridae. In: Journal of applied virology. Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2018, Hong Kong Institute of Biologicals Standardization Limited, doi: 10.21092 / jav.v7i4.104 , (pdfs.semanticscholar.org)
  29. ↑ Rosanna Salvia et al: Novel Factors of Viral Origin Inhibit TOR Pathway Gene Expression. In: Front Physiol. 9, November 26, 2018, p. 1678, doi: 10.3389 / fphys.2018.01678 , PMC 6275226 (free full text). PMID 30534083