Ichnovirus

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Ichnovirus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria ?
Empire : Bamfordvirae ?
Phylum : Negarnaviricota ?
Class : Megaviricetes ?
Order : Pimascovirales ?
Family : Polydnaviridae / Ascoviridae ?
Genre : Ichnovirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA segmented circularly
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : ellipsoid
Cover : available
Scientific name
Ichnovirus
Short name
IV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10483
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 576
ICTV Taxon History: 201854390 (type)

Ichnovirus ( IV ) is a genus of viruses with double-stranded DNA - genome . Parasitoid wasps , which themselvesparasitizebutterflies ( Lepidoptera ),serveas hosts . The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currentlyassignedthis genus to the Polydnaviridae family (as of April 2020). However, this family is possibly paraphyletic ( see below ), whereby the Ichnoviruses could be descendedfrom the travel virus family Ascoviridae (which would then mean the changed classification as ascoviruses indicated in the box (marked with '?'). The type species is Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus .

construction

The virus particles (virions) of the genus Ichnovirus are enveloped and have a broad ellipsoidal geometry. The genome is segmented and ring-shaped (circular) with a length of about 6.0 to 20  kb long.

Propagation cycle

Replication is nuclear; H. happens in the nucleus of the host cell. The transcription method is DNA-based . The virus leaves the host cell by nuclear pores Export ( English nuclear pore export ). Real parasitic wasps (family Ichneumonidae ) of the two subfamilies Banchinae and Campopleginae (alias Porizontinae) serve as hosts , these wasps are themselves parasitoids of butterflies (order Lepidoptera ). At least in the Campopleginae, the virus particles are only formed in the calyx cells of the wasps' ovaries . The wasp injects one or more eggs along with a quantity of the virus into its host, the caterpillar ('co-injection'). The virus and the wasp are thus in a symbiotic relationship: The expression of viral genes prevents the immune system of the caterpillar (i.e. the wasp host) from killing the injected wasp egg and causes further physiological changes and changes in behavior . These ultimately lead to the death of the butterfly caterpillar. The transmission route is thus parental (from wasp mothers to their offspring) and the Ichnovirus acts as an endogenous viral vector .

Systematics

Internal system

As of February 2019, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) states that the Ichnovirus genus consists of the following species:

  • Genus Ichnovirus
  • Species Campoletis aprilis ichnovirus
  • Species Campoletis flavicincta ichnovirus
  • Species Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (type species)
  • Species Casinaria arjuna ichnovirus
  • Species Casinaria forcipata ichnovirus
  • Species Casinaria infesta ichnovirus
  • Species Diadegma acronyctae ichnovirus
  • Species Diadegma interruptum ichnovirus
  • Species Diadegma terebrans ichnovirus
  • Species Enytus montanus ichnovirus
  • Species Eriborus terebrans ichnovirus
  • Species Glypta fumiferanae ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoter annulipes ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoteric exiguae ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoteric fugitivus ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoteric lymantriae ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoter pilosulus ichnovirus
  • Species Hyposoter rivalis ichnovirus
  • Species Olesicampe benefactor ichnovirus
  • Species Olesicampe geniculatae ichnovirus
  • Species Synetaeris tenuifemur ichnovirus

External system

The IV show remarkable similarities with the ascoviruses belonging to the giant viruses and probably developed from these,

The two virus genera Ichnovirus (IV) and Bracovirus in the Polydnaviridae family are actually not phylogenetically related, which means that this taxon may need some revision.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b c ViralZone: Polydnaviridae . ExPASy. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  3. ↑ ICTV: Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release . Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  4. Jump up ↑ Elisabeth A. Herniou, Elisabeth Huguet, Julien Thézé, Annie Bézier, Georges Periquet, Jean-Michel Drezen (2013): When parasitic wasps hijacked viruses: genomic and functional evolution of polydnaviruses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B 368: 1626. doi: 10.1098 / rstb.2013.0051
  5. ↑ ICTV: Master Species List 2018b.v2 (MSL # 34)
  6. ↑ BA Federici, DK Bideshi, Y. Tan, T. Spears, Y. Bigot: Ascoviruses: superb manipulators of apoptosis for viral replication and transmission . In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology . tape 328 , 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-68617-0 , pp. 171-196 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-68618-7_5 , PMID 19216438 .
  7. ^ Dupuy C, Huguet E, Drezen JM: Unfolding the evolutionary story of polydnaviruses . In: Virus Res . 117, No. 1, 2006, pp. 81-89. doi : 10.1016 / j.virusres.2006.01.001 . PMID 16460826 .

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