Green lily

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Green lily
Chlorophytum comosum

Chlorophytum comosum

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Agave family (Agavoideae)
Genre : Chlorophytum
Type : Green lily
Scientific name
Chlorophytum comosum
( Thunb. ) Jacques

Chlorophytum comosum is a flowering plant in the family of asparagaceae ( Asparagaceae ). It is native to Africa and ismainly known as the green lily in German-speaking countries .

description

The green lily ( Chlorophytum comosum ) grows as a clump-forming , perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of up to 60 cm. The fleshy, succulent roots are up to 1 cm thick and tapered at both ends. The rosette leaves are 20 to 45 cm long and 6 to 25 mm wide. The leaves are green in the wild form and, depending on the cultivar , can be completely green or have green-white to green-yellow stripes.

The spread to lying and later drooping, branched inflorescences are up to 1 m long. At their ends there is an offshoot that, due to its weight, bends the inflorescence downwards and then roots. The flowers grow in axially aligned bundles of up to six individual flowers, most of which do not develop fully. Often they are replaced by vegetative offshoots. The lower bracts are awl-shaped with a length of 5 to 8 cm and the upper ones are ovate-pointed. The ascending flower stalks are 4 to 8 mm long. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six free bracts are green or white, 6 to 9 mm long and three-veined. There are two circles with three stamens each with 3 to 5 mm long stamens and about 3.5 mm long anthers. The stylus is 3 to 8 mm long.

The 10 to 12 mm long stalked capsule fruit has a length of 4 to 10 mm. Rarely in culture, the small capsule fruits burst open and usually release three black seeds about 2.5 mm in size.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

  • root

  • inflorescence

  • Capsule fruits

  • Seeds

  • Kindel with first roots

Distribution and habitat

The green lily occurs both in East Africa, from Ethiopia to South Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa), and in the west (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea). It has become feral in Australia and the southeastern United States. In South Africa it grows in the undergrowth of wooded river valleys, bushes and mountainous regions. On Kilimanjaro it occurs up to an altitude of almost 2500 m.

Systematics

The first description as Anthericum comosum by Carl Peter Thunberg was published in 1794. Henri Antoine Jacques placed the species in the genus Chlorophytum in 1862 . Nomenclatory synonyms are Phalangium comosum (Thunb.) Poir. (1804), Caesia comosa (Thunb.) Spreng. (1825), Hartwegia comosa (Thunb.) Nees (1831) and Hollia comosa (Thunb.) Heynh. (1846).

Research history

In 1827 Prince Carl August had new plants procured for the Belvedere Botanical Garden near Weimar. Among them was a still unknown plant that he drew Goethe's attention to, to whom he left an offshoot. In order to gain clarity, Goethe wrote a letter with a description in January 1828 to his friend, Prague botanist Kaspar Maria von Sternberg . The plant was also unknown to him, which is why Goethe obtained another plant from Carl August, which was sent to von Sternberg for examination on March 20. The plant was damaged by the cold during transport and was therefore indeterminable, but it was able to flower over the summer. In September he published a description of the plant, which he named Anthericum comosum . In 1830 the name was changed to Anthericum sternbergianum Schultes by Joseph August Schultes and Julius Hermann Schultes . & School f. changed because it already had the older name Anthericum comosum Thunb. (1794) gave. Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel presented the species as Chlorophytum sternbergianum (Schult. & Schult. F.) Steud in 1841 . into the genus Chlorophytum . It was not until 1873 that John Gilbert Baker found out by examining Thunberg's specimen that both species were identical. Chlorophytum sternbergianum is therefore regarded as a heterotypical synonym of Chlorophytum comosum .

Use as an ornamental plant

Because of their modesty, the varieties of Chlorophytum comosum are often found as indoor plants , especially in offices and foyers . The horticultural propagation takes place preferably via the offshoots (Kindel), as this is easier and more productive. The young plants take root very easily, they usually form their first roots in the air.

The green lily has the ability to lower the formaldehyde concentration indoors and was therefore suggested in a scientific study on air improvement in low-energy houses . It also removes xylenes and toluene from the air . A review article from 2019, however, doubts the significance of the cleaning effect of indoor plants in general; according to the researchers, 10 to 1000 plants per square meter would be required to achieve the cleaning performance achieved with conventional ventilation.

sorts

Variegated plants were first mentioned in 1890 and quickly replaced the green stem form.

The main varieties are:

  • Chlorophytum comosum 'Bonnie': was discovered in 1998, like 'Vittatum', but with strongly curved and curled leaves
  • Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum': white leaf margins, green inflorescence stems
  • Chlorophytum comosum 'Vittatum': a wide white stripe along the leaf vein, yellowish inflorescence stems

  • Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum'

  • Chlorophytum comosum 'Bonnie'

literature

  • Georg Balzer: The story of a Goethe plant (Anthericum comosum or Sternberg's green lily) . In: Andreas Wachsmuth (ed.): Goethe: Viermonthsschr. d. Goethe Society; new episode d. Yearbook . tape 12 . Böhlau, Weimar 1950, p. 310-332 ( digizeitschriften.de - observations of Goethe , research and horticultural history).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Murray W. Nabors, Renate Scheibe: Botany . Pearson, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8273-7231-4 , p. 264. ( Google Books )
  2. ↑ a b c Chlorophytum comosum | Plantz Africa. Retrieved November 3, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online .
  4. ^ A. Amelia Obermeyer: A Revision of the South African Species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra . In: Bothalia . tape 7 , no. 4 , November 20, 1962, pp. 698-700 ( abcjournal.org ).
  5. ^ Tropicos
  6. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chlorophytum Comosum - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  7. ↑ Weeds of Australia - Biosecurity Queensland Edition Fact Sheet - Chlorophytum Comosum. Retrieved November 16, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Charlotte S. Bjora, Andreas Hemp, Gry Hoell, Inger Nordal: A taxonomic and ecological analysis of two forest Chlorophytum taxa (Anthericaceae) on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . tape 274 , no. 3 , September 2008, p. 250-251 , doi : 10.1007 / s00606-008-0032-0 ( researchgate.net ).
  9. ^ Carl Peter Thunberg: Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, quas in Promontorio Bonae Spei Africes, annis 1772-1775 . Volume 1, pp. 63, 1794 ( online ).
  10. ^ In: Journal de la Société Impériale et Centrale d'Horticulture . Volume 8, pp. 345, 1862 ( online ).
  11. ^ Kaspar Maria von Sternberg: Anthericum comosum. A new plant species, established by Count Kaspar Sternberg . In: Monthly of the Society of the Patriotic Museum in Bohemia . Volume 2, 1828, pp. 336-339 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Anthericum comosum; a new plant species, set up by Count Kaspar von Sternberg . In: Flora or Botanical Newspaper . Oct 21, 1828, pp. 609-610 ( online ).
  13. ^ Joseph August Schultes, Julius Hermann Schultes: Systema Vegetabilium . Volume 7, Part 2, 1830, pp. 1693-1694 ( online ).
  14. ↑ Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel: Nomenclator botanicus . 2nd edition, Volume 1, 1841, p. 354 ( online ).
  15. ^ John Gilbert Baker: Anthericum comosum . In: The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette . January 18, 1873, p. 75 ( online ).
  16. ↑ a b Georg Balzer: The story of a Goethe plant (Anthericum comosum or Sternberg's green lily) . In: Andreas Wachsmuth (ed.): Goethe: Viermonthsschr. d. Goethe Society; new episode d. Yearbook . tape 12 . Böhlau, Weimar 1950, p. 310–327 ( digizeitschriften.de ).
  17. ^ Sandy Baker, The Complete Guide to Keeping Your Houseplants Alive and Thriving: Everything You Need to Know Explained Simply . Atlantic Publishing Company, Ocala 2011, ISBN 978-1-60138-349-5 , p. 75.
  18. ^ BC Wolverton, Rebecca C. McDonald, Jr. EA Watkins: Foliage Plants for Removing Indoor Air Pollutants from Energy-Efficient Homes . In: Economic Botany . tape 38 , no. 2 , 1984, p. 224-228 , JSTOR : 4254614 ( wolvertonenvironmental.com [PDF]).
  19. ^ Wolverton, BC (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air . New York: Penguin Books.
  20. ^ Wolverton, BC and JD Wolverton. (1993). Plants and soil microorganisms: removal of formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia from the indoor environment. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 38 (2), 11-15.
  21. ^ Bryan E. Cummings, Michael S. Waring: Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies . In: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology . November 6, 2019, ISSN  1559-064X , p. 1–9 , doi : 10.1038 / s41370-019-0175-9 ( nature.com [accessed November 21, 2019]).
  22. ↑ United States Plant Patent: Chlorophytum plant named 'Bonnie. In: Patent Full-Text And Image Database. United States Patent and Trademark Office, accessed January 11, 2019 .
  23. ↑ a b c Chlorophytum comosum (Spider Plant). Retrieved November 2, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Green Lily ( Chlorophytum comosum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files