Chlorophytum

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Chlorophytum
Chlorophytum orchidastrum

Chlorophytum orchidastrum

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Agave family (Agavoideae)
Genre : Chlorophytum
Scientific name
Chlorophytum
Ker Gawl.

Chlorophytum is a genus from the subfamily of the Agavaceae (Agavoideae) within the family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae). The 100 to 190 species arewidespreadin the Paleotropic .

description

Illustration of some Chlorophytum species from: The flora of Africa, especially its tropical regions - Basic features of the plant distribution in Africa and the character plants of Africa , 1910

Vegetative characteristics

The Chlorophytum species grow as evergreen or deciduous geophytic , perennial , herbaceous plants . Their different roots are mostly succulent or occasionally bulbous, more or less thick or fleshy. The often short and inconspicuous, sometimes thick and elongated, creeping rhizomes are often covered with old leaf bases.

The leaves are arranged in rosettes or tufts; they are seldom reduced to a single sheet or arranged almost in two lines. The folded leaves are stalked or sessile and there are leaf sheaths. The simple, bald to hairy leaf blade is flat and elongated to linear or elliptical-lanceolate. The leaf margin is often fringed.

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal or lateral inflorescence stems are covered with bracts. The racemose or panicle inflorescences have bracts . The peduncle is articulated near its center.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The mostly white, rarely to blue flower envelope is star-shaped, rarely urn-shaped or bell-shaped. The six free, elongated tepals remain dry and the midrib becomes darker. The outer tepals are narrower than the inner tepals. The six stamens are inserted at the base of the bracts. The thread-like stamens , mostly spread near their center, are bare or warty. The anthers almost basifix and intrors. Three fruit leaves are a seated or shortly stalked, triangular, upper permanent ovary grown. There are one or more ovules per carpel . The total of 6 to 30 are arranged in two rows in the ovary. The slender, stem -round style is smooth and ends in a relatively small scar .

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are three-lobed or triangular loculicidal capsule fruits . The shiny, black seeds are flat and rounded.

Chlorophytum borivilianum
Chlorophytum glaucum
Illustration of Chlorophytum inornatum from the first publication: Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Volume 27, 1807, plate 1071
Chlorophytum orchidastrum
Chlorophytum orchidastrum , fruiting
Chlorophytum tuberosum
Section of an inflorescence of Chlorophytum tuberosum

Systematics and distribution

The genus Chlorophytum is distributed in Africa , Madagascar and Asia in forests, savannas and the Karoo vegetation.

The first description of the genus Chlorophytum was made in 1807 by John Bellenden Ker Gawler . The type species of the genus is Chlorophytum inornatum . The botanical genus name Chlorophytum is derived from the Greek words chloros for 'yellowish green' or 'light green' and phyton for 'plant' and refers to the color of the leaves of some taxa . Synonyms for Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. nom. cons. are: Hartwegia Nees , Asphodelopsis Steud. ex Baker , Acrospira Welw. ex Baker nom. illeg., Dasystachys Baker nom. illeg., Debesia (Welw. ex Baker) Kuntze , Verdickia De Wild.

The genus Chlorophytum includes the following species:

Chlorophytum mamillatum Elden & Nordal

proof

literature

  • Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi), Minoru N. Tamura: Chlorophytum. , Pp. 205-206 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
  • Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld : Chlorophytum . In: Urs Eggli (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons - Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants . Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-56715-5 , pp. 228–229 ( Chlorophytum in the Google book search).
  • A. Amelia Obermeyer: A revision of the South African species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra. In: Bothalia . Volume 7, Number 4, 1962, pp. 669-767.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chlorophytum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi), Minoru N. Tamura: Chlorophytum. , Pp. 205-206 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld : Chlorophytum . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Monocotyledons . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3662-7 , pp.  236-237 .
  4. ^ Curtis's Botanical Magazine . Volume 27, 1807, plate 1071 ( scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Chlorophytum  - collection of images, videos and audio files