Chlorophytum
Chlorophytum | ||||||||||||
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Chlorophytum | ||||||||||||
Ker Gawl. |
Chlorophytum is a genus from the subfamily of the Agavaceae (Agavoideae) within the family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae). The 100 to 190 species arewidespreadin the Paleotropic .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Chlorophytum species grow as evergreen or deciduous geophytic , perennial , herbaceous plants . Their different roots are mostly succulent or occasionally bulbous, more or less thick or fleshy. The often short and inconspicuous, sometimes thick and elongated, creeping rhizomes are often covered with old leaf bases.
The leaves are arranged in rosettes or tufts; they are seldom reduced to a single sheet or arranged almost in two lines. The folded leaves are stalked or sessile and there are leaf sheaths. The simple, bald to hairy leaf blade is flat and elongated to linear or elliptical-lanceolate. The leaf margin is often fringed.
Inflorescences and flowers
The terminal or lateral inflorescence stems are covered with bracts. The racemose or panicle inflorescences have bracts . The peduncle is articulated near its center.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The mostly white, rarely to blue flower envelope is star-shaped, rarely urn-shaped or bell-shaped. The six free, elongated tepals remain dry and the midrib becomes darker. The outer tepals are narrower than the inner tepals. The six stamens are inserted at the base of the bracts. The thread-like stamens , mostly spread near their center, are bare or warty. The anthers almost basifix and intrors. Three fruit leaves are a seated or shortly stalked, triangular, upper permanent ovary grown. There are one or more ovules per carpel . The total of 6 to 30 are arranged in two rows in the ovary. The slender, stem -round style is smooth and ends in a relatively small scar .
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are three-lobed or triangular loculicidal capsule fruits . The shiny, black seeds are flat and rounded.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chlorophytum_inornatum.jpg/220px-Chlorophytum_inornatum.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chlorophytum_tuberosum.jpg/220px-Chlorophytum_tuberosum.jpg)
Systematics and distribution
The genus Chlorophytum is distributed in Africa , Madagascar and Asia in forests, savannas and the Karoo vegetation.
The first description of the genus Chlorophytum was made in 1807 by John Bellenden Ker Gawler . The type species of the genus is Chlorophytum inornatum . The botanical genus name Chlorophytum is derived from the Greek words chloros for 'yellowish green' or 'light green' and phyton for 'plant' and refers to the color of the leaves of some taxa . Synonyms for Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. nom. cons. are: Hartwegia Nees , Asphodelopsis Steud. ex Baker , Acrospira Welw. ex Baker nom. illeg., Dasystachys Baker nom. illeg., Debesia (Welw. ex Baker) Kuntze , Verdickia De Wild.
The genus Chlorophytum includes the following species:
- Chlorophytum acutum (CHWright) Nordal
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Chlorophytum affine Baker :
- Chlorophytum affine Baker var. Affine
- Chlorophytum affine var. Curviscapum (Poelln.) Hanid
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Chlorophytum africanum (Baker) Baker :
- Chlorophytum africanum (Baker) Baker var. Africanum
- Chlorophytum africanum var. Nordalianum Meerts
- Chlorophytum africanum var. Silvaticum (Dammer) Meert
- Chlorophytum alismifolium Baker
- Chlorophytum alpinum Benth. ex Baker
- Chlorophytum altum Engl. & K. Krause
- Chlorophytum amplexicaule Baker
- Chlorophytum anceps (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum andongense Baker
- Chlorophytum angulicaule (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum angustiracemosum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum angustissimum (Poelln.) Nordal
- Chlorophytum ankarense H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum appendiculatum H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum applanatum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum arcuatoramosum R.B.Drumm.
- Chlorophytum aridum Oberm.
- Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker
- Chlorophytum asperum J.C. Manning
- Chlorophytum aureum Engl.
- Chlorophytum basitrichum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum baturense K. Krause
- Chlorophytum belgaumense Chandore, Malpure, Adsul & SRYadav
- Chlorophytum benuense Engl. & K. Krause
- Chlorophytum bharuchae Ansari, Sundararagh. & Hemadri
- Chlorophytum bifolium Dammer
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Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker :
- Chlorophytum blepharophyllum var. Amplexicaule (Baker) Meert
- Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker subsp. blepharophyllum
- Chlorophytum blepharophyllum subsp. pendulum Hoell & Nordal
- Chlorophytum blepharophyllum subsp. rubropygmaeum Bjorå & Nordal
- Chlorophytum boomense kativu
- Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & RRFern.
- Chlorophytum bowkeri Baker
- Chlorophytum brachystachyum Baker
- Chlorophytum bracteatum Hua
- Chlorophytum brevipedunculatum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum breviscapum Dalzell
- Chlorophytum bulbinifolium Hoell & Nordal
- Chlorophytum burundiense Meerts
- Chlorophytum calyptrocarpum (Baker) Kativu
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Chlorophytum cameronii (Baker) Kativu :
- Chlorophytum cameronii (Baker) Kativu var. Cameronii
- Chlorophytum cameronii var. Grantii (Baker) Nordal
- Chlorophytum cameronii var. Purpuratum (Rendle) Govaerts
- Chlorophytum camporum Engl. & K. Krause
- Chlorophytum capense (L.) Voss
- Chlorophytum caudatibracteatum Engl. & K. Krause
- Chlorophytum caulescens (Baker) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum chelindaense Kativu & Nordal
- Chlorophytum chevalieri Poelln.
- Chlorophytum chinense Bureau & Franch. : It thrives on the edges of forests, grass slopes and the banks of rivers at altitudes of 2600 to 3000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan .
- Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker
- Chlorophytum clarae Bjorå & Nordal
- Chlorophytum collinum (Poelln.) Nordal
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Chlorophytum colubrinum (Baker) Engl .:
- Chlorophytum colubrinum (Baker) Engl. Var. Colubrinum
- Chlorophytum colubrinum var. Upembense Meert
- Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques (green lily)
- Chlorophytum cooperi (Baker) Nordal
- Chlorophytum cordifolium De Wild.
- Chlorophytum crassinerve (Baker) Oberm.
- Chlorophytum cremnophilum van Jaarsv.
- Chlorophytum crispum (Thunb.) Baker
- Chlorophytum cyperaceum (gravel) Nordal
- Chlorophytum dalzielii (Hutch. Ex Hepper) Nordal
- Chlorophytum debile Baker
- Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum decipiens Baker
- Chlorophytum densiflorum Engl.
- Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum diwanjii Mujaffar, APTiwari & Chandore
- Chlorophytum dolichocarpum Tamura
- Chlorophytum ducis-aprutii Chiov.
- Chlorophytum fasciculatum (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum filifolium Nordal & Thulin
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Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker :
- Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker subsp. filipendulum
- Chlorophytum filipendulum subsp. amaniense (Engl.) Nordal & ADPoulsen
- Chlorophytum fischeri (Baker) Baker
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Chlorophytum gallabatense Schweinf. ex Baker :
- Chlorophytum gallabatense var. Floribundum (Baker) Meerts
- Chlorophytum gallabatense Schweinf. ex Baker var. gallabatense
- Chlorophytum gallabatense var. Micranthum (Baker) Meert
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Chlorophytum galpinii (Baker) Kativu :
- Chlorophytum galpinii (Baker) Kativu var. Galpinii
- Chlorophytum galpinii var. Matabelense (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum galpinii var. Norlindhii (Weim.) Kativu
- Chlorophytum geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum geophilum Peter ex Poelln.
- Chlorophytum glaucoides leaf.
- Chlorophytum glaucum Dalzell
- Chlorophytum goetzei Engl.
- Chlorophytum gothanense Malpure & SRYadav
- Chlorophytum gracile Baker
- Chlorophytum graminifolium (Willd.) Kunth
- Chlorophytum graniticola Kativu
- Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum graptophyllum (Baker) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum haygarthii J.M.Wood & MSEvans
- Chlorophytum herrmannii Nordal & Sebsebe
- Chlorophytum heynei Baker
- Chlorophytum hiranense Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum hirsutum A.D. Poulsen & Nordal
- Chlorophytum holstii Engl.
- Chlorophytum humbertianum H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum humifusum Cufod.
- Chlorophytum hypoxiforme (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum hysteranthum Kativu
- Chlorophytum immaculatum (Hepper) Nordal
- Chlorophytum inconspicuum (Baker) Nordal
- Chlorophytum indicum (Willd. Ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Dress
- Chlorophytum inornatum Ker Gawl.
- Chlorophytum intermedium Craib
- Chlorophytum kolhapurense Sardesai, SPGaikwad & SRYadav
- Chlorophytum krauseanum (Dinter) Kativu
- Chlorophytum krookianum Zahlbr.
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Chlorophytum lancifolium Welw. ex Baker :
- Chlorophytum lancifolium Welw. ex Baker subsp. lancifolium
- Chlorophytum lancifolium subsp. cordatum (Engl.) AD Poulsen & Nordal
- Chlorophytum lancifolium subsp. togoense (Engl.) ADPoulsen & Nordal
- Chlorophytum latifolium Engl. & K.Krause
- Chlorophytum laxum R.Br.
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Chlorophytum leptoneurum (CHWright) Poelln. :
- Chlorophytum leptoneurum var. Katangense (De Wild.) Meerts
- Chlorophytum leptoneurum (CHWright) Poelln. var. leptoneurum
- Chlorophytum lewisae Oberm.
- Chlorophytum limosum (Baker) Northern Al
- Chlorophytum littorale Nordal & Thulin
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Chlorophytum longifolium Schweinf. ex Baker :
- Chlorophytum longifolium var. Aureum (Engl.) Meerts
- Chlorophytum longifolium Schweinf. ex Baker var. longifolium
- Chlorophytum longiscapum Dammer
- Chlorophytum longissimum Ridl.
- Chlorophytum macrophyllum (A.Rich.) Asch.
- Chlorophytum macrorrhizum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum macrosporum Baker
- Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker
- Chlorophytum malabaricum Baker
- Chlorophytum malayense Ridl.
Chlorophytum mamillatum Elden & Nordal
- Chlorophytum micranthum Baker
- Chlorophytum minor Kativu
- Chlorophytum modestum Baker
- Chlorophytum monophyllum Oberm.
- Chlorophytum namaquense Schltr. ex Poelln.
- Chlorophytum namorokense H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum nepalense (Lindl.) Baker : It thrives from northeast India via Nepal , Sikkim , Bhutan and Myanmar to Tibet and the Chinese Guizhou , Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Chlorophytum nervatum (CHWright) Poelln.
- Chlorophytum nervosum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum nidulans (Baker) Brenan
- Chlorophytum nimmonii Dalzell
- Chlorophytum nubicum (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum nyasae (Rendle) Kativu
- Chlorophytum nzii A. Chev. ex Hepper
- Chlorophytum occultum A.D. Poulsen & Nordal
- Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl.
- Chlorophytum palghatense K.MPKumar & Adsul
- Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum parvulum Chiov.
- Chlorophytum paucinervatum (Poelln.) Nordal
- Chlorophytum pauciphyllum Oberm.
- Chlorophytum pauper Poelln.
- Chlorophytum pendulum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum peralbum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum perfoliatum Kativu
- Chlorophytum petraeum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum petrophilum K. Krause
- Chlorophytum pilosicarinatum (Poelln.) Meerts
- Chlorophytum pilosissimum Engl. & K. Krause
- Chlorophytum polystachys Baker
- Chlorophytum pseudocaule Tesfaye & Nordal
- Chlorophytum pterocarpum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum puberulum Engl.
- Chlorophytum pubiflorum Baker
- Chlorophytum pusillum Schweinf. ex Baker
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Chlorophytum pygmaeum (Weim.) Kativu :
- Chlorophytum pygmaeum (Weim.) Kativu subsp. pygmaeum
- Chlorophytum pygmaeum subsp. rhodesianum (Rendle) kativu
- Chlorophytum radula (Baker) Nordal
- Chlorophytum ramosissimum Nordal & Thulin
- Chlorophytum rangei (Engl. & K.Krause) Nordal
- Chlorophytum recurvifolium (Baker) C.Archer & Kativu
- Chlorophytum reflexibracteatum Poelln.
- Chlorophytum rhizopendulum Bjorå & Hemp
- Chlorophytum rigidum Kunth
- Chlorophytum ruahense Engl.
- Chlorophytum rubribracteatum (De Wild.) Kativu
- Chlorophytum rutenbergianum Vatke
- Chlorophytum saundersiae (Baker) Northern Al
- Chlorophytum scabrum Baker
- Chlorophytum senegalense (Baker) Hepper
- Chlorophytum serpens Sebsebe & Nordal
- Chlorophytum sharmae Adsul, Lekhak & SRYadav
- Chlorophytum silvaticum Dammer
- Chlorophytum simplex Craib
- Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum somaliense Baker
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Chlorophytum sparsiflorum Baker :
- Chlorophytum sparsiflorum Baker var. Sparsiflorum
- Chlorophytum sparsiflorum var. Bipindense (Engl. & K.Krause) Bjorå & Nordal
- Chlorophytum sphacelatum (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum sphagnicola Meerts
- Chlorophytum staudtii Nordal
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Chlorophytum stenopetalum Baker
- Chlorophytum stenopetalum var. Latifolium (Engl. & K. Krause) Meerts
- Chlorophytum stenopetalum var. Stenopetalum
- Chlorophytum stolzii (K.Krause) Weim.
- Chlorophytum subligulatum H.Perrier
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Chlorophytum subpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu :
- Chlorophytum subpetiolatum var. Pilosifolium (De Wild.) Meerts
- Chlorophytum subpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu var. Subpetiolatum
- Chlorophytum suffruticosum Baker
- Chlorophytum superpositum (Baker) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum sylvestre Bardot-Vaucoulon
- Chlorophytum tenerrimum Peter ex Poelln.
- Chlorophytum tetraphyllum (L. f.) Baker
- Chlorophytum transvaalense (Baker) Kativu
- Chlorophytum trichophlebium (Baker) Nordal
- Chlorophytum triflorum (Aiton) Kunth
- Chlorophytum tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier
- Chlorophytum unyikense Engl.
- Chlorophytum velutinum Kativu
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Chlorophytum vestitum Baker :
- Chlorophytum vestitum subsp. pilosissimum (Engl. & K. Krause) Meerts
- Chlorophytum vestitum Baker subsp. vestitum
- Chlorophytum viridescens Engl.
- Chlorophytum viscosum Kunth
- Chlorophytum waibelii K. Krause
- Chlorophytum warneckei (Engl.) Marais & Reilly
- Chlorophytum zambiense Bjorå & Nordal
- Chlorophytum zavattarii (Cufod.) Nordal
- Chlorophytum zingiberastrum Nordal & ADPoulsen
proof
literature
- Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi), Minoru N. Tamura: Chlorophytum. , Pp. 205-206 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
- Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld : Chlorophytum . In: Urs Eggli (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons - Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants . Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-56715-5 , pp. 228–229 ( Chlorophytum in the Google book search).
- A. Amelia Obermeyer: A revision of the South African species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra. In: Bothalia . Volume 7, Number 4, 1962, pp. 669-767.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chlorophytum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 13, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi), Minoru N. Tamura: Chlorophytum. , Pp. 205-206 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
- ↑ a b c d e Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld : Chlorophytum . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Monocotyledons . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3662-7 , pp. 236-237 .
- ^ Curtis's Botanical Magazine . Volume 27, 1807, plate 1071 ( scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Chlorophytum on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2016. Accessed September 14, 2016.
- List of species of Chlorophytum in the Red List of South African Plants