Broklandsau
| Broklandsau | ||
 Broklandsau near Fedderingen -Dammbrück |
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| Data | ||
| location | District of Dithmarschen , Schleswig-Holstein | |
| River system | Eider | |
| origin | Confluence of Wierbek and Osterau 54 ° 13 ′ 5 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 6 ″ E |
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| muzzle | in the Eider coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′ 30 ″ N , 9 ° 8 ′ 31 ″ E 54 ° 19 ′ 30 ″ N , 9 ° 8 ′ 31 ″ E
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| Communities | Ostrohe , Süderheistedt , Weddingstedt , Wiemerstedt , Fedderingen , Schlichting , Kleve , Barkenholm | |
The Broklandsau is a left tributary of the Eider in Norderdithmarschen , a small meadow river that is formed by the source streams Wierbek in Norderwohld and Osterau in the district forest on the B 203 in Welmbüttel ; the latter is in turn fed by the Lindenerau in the north.
course
The river is south of the Eider. About four fifths of this region drain northwards via the widely ramified Broklandsau into the Eider. The Au is a body of water that is more recognizable as a large "drainage ditch" in its wide lowland . Its source currents go back to the heights around Tellingstedt and into the Nordhastedter Moor, which was once covered by an extensive lake. The river has only a very slight gradient in the lowlands. Therefore, its flow velocity is mainly determined by the thrust of the water supply (precipitation and melt).
Coming from the east, after a large curve around the Süderheistedter Geest, the river runs relatively straight to the north. At the level of the Lundener Spit , where the lowland is partially below sea level, it once included some moor lakes, of which only a few small areas remain.
history
Until the 14th century, the water parted at Schlichting . The branch moving eastward originally flowed into the Eider at the height of the later Helmkoog . Later, this confluence with the Eiderschleife was relocated around the Deljekoog opposite . The branch, which used to move northwards, ran straight on to the Eiderschleife near Neuensiel , near St. Annen . It was finally filled in, as it was no longer necessary due to improved drainage via the eastern branch of the estuary, which has since been the only one.
With its wide lowlands, upstream to Heide , the Broklandsau valley was formerly one of the great receiving waters of the Eider . This means that the North Sea flood, which occurred twice a day, penetrated into the inland via the mouth of the Eider, which was still unprotected at the time. The tidal wave flooded all the lowlands that could be reached. It only became weaker the further it could spread. This relationship between Broklandsau and its lowland only changed from the 14th / 15th. Century, after the fall of the mandrels in 1362 and 1436 and the immediately following beginning of the dike.
The conditions worsened so much by the mandrels that they even saw themselves compelled to build the so-called Aukrug Bridge . This bridge, which has been renewed many times, is still located in a narrow strip of bog between Ostrohe and Süderheistedt . With this bridge alone, it was possible to maintain the connection between the heath and the heights of the norderdithmartscher Geest to the east.
The situation is similar in the area of the ice bridge between Kleve and Schlichting, which was built only a little later . This bridge marks the key point in the history of the soil culture in Norderdithmarschen.
Land reclamation and reclamation
In order to be able to create Köge in this wet boggy lowland , the floods that regularly arise from inside and outside as well as the high groundwater had to be considered. Therefore it was not enough to build a dike against the external floods. At the same time, the inland floods had to be regulated.
For this purpose, a dike was built in the narrow point between Kleve and Schlichting. It has been handed down that a bridge built into the dike, a forerunner of the ice water bridge, crossed the Broklandsau and that it was provided with a sewer for the purpose of drainage. The structure shielded the southern and western parts of the lowland from the external floods. From then on, however, the residents themselves determined the level of the inland water with the help of the sewer. This made it possible to make this part of the lowland usable, all the way up to Heide.
Only after this example was it started to dike the northern part of the plain. That began with the Eiderdeich , which was drawn from the sea dyke at the mouth of the Eider to the eastern branch of the Broklandsau. Then the Kleve-Schlichtinger dike received a wing dike up to the Eider . With the Eiderdeich, the Kleve-Schlichtinger Deich and the Lundener Nehrung in the west , the northern half of the Broklandsau valley, the Norderhamme, was enclosed all around and was thus protected from storm surges. The drainage and drainage in terms of land reclamation could begin.
As a result of the bank dike, the regularly flowing sea flood in the Eider had risen higher and higher. The outflow had increased accordingly . It previously dammed up in front of the river bends, where it had led to floods, including together with the drainage via the Broklandsau. The water looked for a way out, across the various headlands. These new gutters gradually flushed out. Islands formed between the original river bed and the new channels. After decades of development, channels and river beds could no longer be distinguished.
Regarding the legal entitlement to the islands created in this way according to the special legal situation at that time, the Sachsenspiegel (II § 56, 2 and 3) contains the following:
- "If the water floods a land, the one to whom it belonged has lost it. If the water then looks for a new outlet, the land belongs to its previous owner again. If the island is in a river, it belongs to the bank, to which it is closest. If it is in the middle of the river, it belongs to both banks. This also applies if the river bed dries up. "
The Norderdithmarscher were faster than the law. They filled in the southern watercourses of the Eider and relocated the Eider dike to the northern edge of the islet thus gained. This made them recognizable components of the norderdithmarscher " mainland ". From this the Bösbütteler -, the Horster -, the Delver -, the Bethjehemmer , the Deljekoog , as well as some of the smaller kings developed. The Dithmarscher had to cede the Bethjehemmer and the Deljekoog towards the end of the 15th century to Stapelholm , on the north bank of the Eider; Result of a long legal battle.
With these extensive changes, the Broklandsau valley and the Norderdithmarsch lowlands were closed to the floods of the Eider. With the sewage and ditch system that was then gradually expanded, drainage developed, mainly via the Broklandsau, but partly also directly into the Eider.
source
- Gerd Quedenbaum: flood. The Eider Association. A contribution to the history of dykes and drainage in the central Eider region , Düsseldorf 2000. ISBN 3-921908-08-6
Web links
- Upper Broklandsau at the Schleswig-Holstein Nature Conservation Foundation
- Geest, moors, archeology and stone age coast around the lower Broklandsau at the Albersdorf Museum